Apart from language, the manufacture and use of tools is often used to differentiate humans from animals. For instance, in his book The Cultured Chimpanzee (2004), the primatologist William McGrew explains that one common argument laid against the concept of ape culture is that they have never built and launched a space craft. However, he counters that most humans haven’t done this either. It...

The Letter of the Karaite elders of Ascalon (c. 1100) was a communication written by six elders of the Karaite Jewish community of Ascalon, Israel and sent to their coreligionists in Alexandria, Egypt after the fall of Jerusalem in 1099. It is important to the study of the first crusade because it dates only 9 months after the siege, making it one of the earliest primary sources on the subject (most European accounts date...

Tarhaka Amaana El Bey First of all there is no such thing as a Mexican, Negro,Black,Colored,Arab,Indian,African, America, Mexico, Cuba, Egypt, etc, etc, etc, if you notice all these terms are appear in English the question is what did these people call themselves in their own Ancient language before the English language came into existence. For instance the word Jesus how in the world could there be a man named Jesus who lived in the first Century when the alphabet (J) had not been added to the...

The above labels were coined to conceal the true identity of the moors by their conquerors. Just as Neapolitan attempted to hide the Moorish features. This was the origination of the 21 gun salutes. We perpetuate this like we tell our children that the devil is beneath the earth and god is in the heaven. We play this up like the myth of Santa Clause. We keep a lie going and it passes on through generations.
Black- is not a nationality nor does it relate to a nation of people. There NEVER was...

Most of the non-European immigrants we get in Ireland are already "Westernised" in that vague sense that they wish to step aboard the property express and have all the goodies often denied them in their place of origin. I used to work in a refugee center and irrespective of nationality; Cameroonian, Congolese, Iranian, Egyptian, Muslim/Christian or whatever, it's the base economic determinants - the need for a job and a roof over their head which obliterate any differences that arises...