Summer of 1483 pt 3
Posted May 19th, 2012 at 12:11 PM by Crystal Rainbow
Richard III
III
Richard had plans to start cleaning the streets of London and try and help the poor like he did in York. In the Summer London had got rather disease ridden and the plaque was never far away, Richard was rather concerned about Anne’s health and decided it would be best to reside at Windsor. The church had also had changed over the years and religion had changed over the years and religion had become less spiritual. The Abbeys were filled with treasures from people leaving money from their wills so that life in the next life would be cleansed of their sin. The church had lost touch with its sense of awe and had become places of great fears and superstition. People had started not believe in God, but towards the end of the fifteenth century there seemed to have been an increasing preoccupation with witches and the forces of darkness. As Elizabeth’s Woodvilles mother was formally accused of witchcraft in 1469. There were many prophets forecasting this in the past and that it just had installed fear into peoples minds.
As Richard had planned his progress, which he had, left Windsor on the 19th of July and headed for Oxford, where he enjoyed its university. He went to Woodstock, where it was reported that Richard had graciously eased the sore hearts of the inhabitants by deforesting for their use some lands which King Edward had for his own pleasure annexed to Whichwood Forest. London, Gloucester, and Worcester had each offered the King a benevolence to help defray his expenses; but he had declined all the offers, saying he had rather have their hearts than their money. It was also said by Dr Thomas Langton, who was one of King Edward’s trusted diplomats who had written to a friend. ‘I trust to God soon, by Michealmas, the King shall be at London. He contents the people where he goes best that ever did prince; for many a poor man that hath suffered wrong many days have been relieved and helped by him and his commands in his progress. And in many great cities and towns were great sums of money given him, which he hath refused. On my truth I liked never the conditions of any prince so well as his; God hath sent him to us for the weal of us all… This proof seems hardly a man who murdered his Nephews or as John Rous, who had written in the reign of Henry VII would reveal to the world that Richard had monstrously lain two years in his mother’s womb. Stories like that lose all creditability in being believable.
Richard had been thinking about going to Tewkesbury to pay his respects to his late bother George, Duke of Clarence and late sister in-law Isabel. He had felt it was important to pay his respects to them and he wanted to let people know that they had nothing wrong and wanted prayers said for their souls. He first went to Gloucester by granting them a charter of liberties and was warmly welcomed by the people of Gloucester. All the memories come had flooding back as he remembered the battle of Tewkesbury and how he had first decided to marry Anne. He had remembered that Anne’s first husband was also buried in the same abbey. He knelt at the altar and offered prayers for the souls of George and Isabel. He had left a gift of £310 out of the rent of the Duke of Clarence’s estates on the 4th of August. After such an emotional visit he had went to Worcester and further eastward towards Warwick where Anne’s old family home. As he reached there by 8th of August, where his wife Anne who had had joined Richard arrived from Windsor, bringing a Spanish envoy. Graufidius de Sasiola had told Richard that Queen Isabella had expressed her desire for peace with England. He had mentioned that now that Edward IV was dead and Louis XI had failed to honour the treaties that he had signed, she wanted to ally herself with England against France. Richard had felt he did not want to be drawn into war with France as he wanted England to become a more settled place. He did seem happy to have peace between the two countries for the security and trade that it would bring. This was the start of negotiations of closer bonds between the two families suggest that at this time they were forming closer ties. Richard had lost no time in writing to his council in London the next day to inform them of the proposal and he had asked the Chancellor if proposal would be of the approval of his council. Richard wanted to draw up documents and seal it with the Great Seal. He had appointed an ambassador Bernard de la Forssa with instructions that he was willing to agree to the new peace treaty and he wrote a friendly letter to the Queen saying that he will look forward to the two countries prospering together. He had mentioned to Queen Isabella that he had heard that the French King was in bad health and would be keeping a close eye on events in the French court as it was bitterly divided. He had also told her that his ambassador Bernard de la Forssa was on his way to complete negotiations.
There were other foreign affairs that had occupied his mind while he was on his progress. He was trying to strengthen his alliance with Burgundy, but the Duke Maximilian and his Flemish subjects were quarrelling with one another. It seemed that his subjects were rather unhappy with the treaty that he had made with Louis XI. There was good news from across the border in Scotland, it seemed that Scotland seem to show signs of wanting lasting peace after years of warfare. On the 16th of August, James III had sent down a proposal for an eight-month’s abstinence of war with having a view to having permanent peace. Bishop Langton had called it ‘a courteous and wise letter’. Richard remembering when he had gone to Scotland the year before had shown them that he was a man of his word. He had showed his willingness to negotiate by offering to provide safe-conducts for the Scots embassy. Having met James III, of Scotland he knew he was a weak ruler and it seemed that the Duke of Albany had betrayed his brother the king and he had delivered Dunbar to the English and had fled across the border to England. Richard had decided to award the Earl of Douglas an annuity of £500 and supported at his court the Duke of Albany. He did warn the King James III that if Scots continued to make more trouble; Douglas and Albany would be sent north to keep them busy.
It also seemed that Ireland needed Richard’s attention, as the coining of silver money was similar in appearance to English coins, but worth much less as it was heavily alloyed. This was causing problems during trade with English Merchants and Richard had ordered that money was to be minted only at Waterford and Dublin and the coins were made by an Irish design. He kept away from interfering with the government of Ireland and the Earl of Kildare was re-appointed Deputy Lieutenant for a year. Richard had not forgotten the Earl of Desmond and had sent him gowns, doublets, hose and bonnets and his livery: a collar of gold worked in roses and suns with his white boar. Richard wanted to have a close bond with Desmond as he had told him that justice had been done to those who killed his father and his brothers. He had told him that they both shared sorrow by the Woodvilles as he had mentioned that those that had murdered your family he too had suffered the lost of his brother the Duke of Clarence. Richard had pondered on what he was going to do with Elizabeth Woodville as he had added, if the Earl so desired, Richard promised to give him the opportunity to prosecute at law.
Events in France seemed to be uncertain as King Louis had replied to Richard’s announcement of becoming king it seemed that Louis was struggling to keep his grip on affairs as he knew that his health was deteriorating and his life was coming to the end. He had written Richard a very informal note saying. Monsieur mon cousin, I have seen the letter that you sent me by your herald Blanc Sanglier and thank you for the news you’ve given me and if I can do you any service, I’ll do it very willingly for I want to have your friendship. Adieu, Monsieur mon cousin’. It seemed that the dying King was making his peace with his world.
Richard had written back to Louis his reply.
I have seen the letters you have sent me by Buckingham herald, whereby I understand that you want my friendship in good form and manner, which contents me well enough; for I have no intention of breaking such truces as have previously been concluded between the late King of most noble memory, my brother, and you for as long as they still have to run [till 9th of April1484]. Nevertheless, the merchants of this my kingdom of England, seeing the great provocations your subjects have given them in seizing ships and merchandise and other goods, are fearful of venturing to go to Bordeaux and other places under your rule until they are assured by you that they can surely and safely carry on trade in all the places subject to your sway, according to the rights established by the aforesaid truces. Therefore, in order that my subjects and merchants may not find themselves deceived as a result of this present ambiguous situation, I pray you that by my servant this bearer, one of the grooms of my stable, you will let me know in writing your full intentions, at the same time informing me if there is anything I can do for you in order that I may do it with good heart. And farewell to you, Monsieur mon cousin.
It had seemed by the tone of the letter that England had been experiencing some trouble with French pirates menacing the English merchants. It had also looks as if this letter had no special envoy and was informally presented. Richard had never got a reply from that letter as Louis had never seen this communication as the old fox, Louis XI had died at Plessis-les-Tours on the 30th August. His heir Charles VIII, were still a minor and his daughter, Anne de Beaujeu who was rather like her father in many ways had become regent. Richard had managed to send a small fleet to police the channel against the French privateers during the summer of 1483.
Richard had decided to approach, Francis, Duke of Brittany in a friendly manner, for two almost two decades Edward IV had a rather fragile relationship. When he had heard that Edward Woodville and his retinue had entered Brittany and he felt that he wanted to keep the Duke of Brittany on his side, he had decided on the 13th of July that he appointed a Dr Thomas Hutton to go as a diplomat to Brittany. Dr Thomas Hutton had a reputation for ‘a man of pregnant wit’ and was an ideal man who could arrange for mutual ground for any grievances and re-establish the friendship between them. Henry Tudor and his uncle Jasper had been in exile there for quite a while and were busy planing their first attempt at invading England and little did Richard knew what was going on as he had sent Dr Thomas Hutton on his mission.
Richard was still on his progress and he had stopped over at Nottingham from 20th of August to the 23rd of August at Castle Rising, where he had set out for Pontefract the next day, where he had summoned seventy knights and gentlemen of the North to meet him. He had been thinking that the late King Edward’s son Richard should be looked after with his sisters along side his own son Edward the Prince of Wales and the two children of the late Duke and Duchess of Clarence. Edward, Prince of Wales had left Middleham with Anne’s Mother to join his parents at Pontefract. Richard and Anne had constantly worrying about their sons health and when they had seen that their son health was that poor that instead of riding a horse, he was driven in a chariot. It was a very emotional reunion as he was formally created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. A great feast was held with pageants, speeches, and arras and tapestry were hanging in the streets ‘for many southern lords and men of worship are with them and will greatly mark you receiving their Graces’.
York had been preparing for the royal visit for just over a month and a deal of work and effort had gone into this state visit. Richard and Anne and the Prince Edward were making their way to York, accompanied by a splendid retinue, that included the Bishops of Worcester, Coventry, Lichfield, Durham, the Duke of Albany, the Earl of Northumberland, Edward the Earl of Warwick and his sister Margaret (Clarence’s off spring). The late King Edward’s children were also present. Surrey, Huntingdon and Lincoln; the Lords Stanley, Dudley, Morley, and Scrope, Richard’s friend Viscount Lovell the Lord Chamberlain, the Chief Justice of England, and many officers of the Household. It seemed strange not for Buckingham was not present at such as a grand event as he had risen to such importance during the first months after Edward IV death. Nobody seemed to know clearly what he was doing, but Richard had not heard from him and all he knew he was at his estate in the Brecon hills. The royal parties were greeted at Tadcaster by two sheriff of the city, who had rode at the head of a long procession bearing their rods of authority. The King and Queen had been had rode through Micklegate with their large procession on the 30th of August. The streets were full of cheering crowds of people that had travelled for miles around to see the King and his family. An array of pageants had been staged just within the gate and another at the bridge over the river Ouse and a third at Stayngate.The Lord mayor gave a speech of welcome and presented King Richard with a hundred gold pounds in a piece of rich plate. Richard was overawed by such a welcome it was one of those moments in his life that warmed by the hearts of the people. He had decided to display his gratitude by calling the Mayor, Aldermen and chief commoners of the city and thanked them for they’re past services. As a reward he granted them a relief of more than half of the taxes they paid yearly to the crown. A ceremony at York for had been planned for young Edward as Prince of Wales. The keeper of the wardrobe had been busy in the last few weeks working in getting ready royal gowns, cloth of gold, gilt spurs, four religious banners, coats of arms for his heralds and 13,000 of costume badges of the white boar.
The state procession went to York Minster were the Prince of Wales a golden wand and a golden wreath was fitted his head. King Richard had taken this occasion to knight the Spanish ambassador and placed a gold collar around his neck. ‘Great honour, joy, and congratulation of the inhabitants, as in show of rejoicing they extolled King Richard above the skies’.
After the ceremony, Richard had established his household at Sheriff Hutton and all the house of York children were looked after by his cousin John, Earl of Lincoln, son of Richard’s older sister the Duchess of Suffolk. Richard had decided to give him the office of looking after matters of the Council of the North.
Richard had been hearing some disconcerting news from Brittany. Even when all those state occasions and being surrounded with people that he felt at ease with, there was something that just did not seem quite right since Buckingham had become very quite. In the middle of September Richard had bade farewell to Anne and his son as he had heard rather unpleasant news from Georges de Mainbier, an envoy of Francis of Brittany. It had seemed Francis Duke of Brittany was not bothered about the enquiry about Edward Woodville and the missing crown jewels. He seemed more bothered a man calling himself ‘Lord Richmond’ a certain person called Henry Tudor. Who was saying that King Richard had murdered the two princes in the Tower of London and he was going to rescue the children of the Late King Edward IV from the ogre king of England who had usurped the throne. It seemed that the court of the late Louis XI were preparing to arm Francis Duke of Brittany four thousand archers and some two to three thousand at the Duke’s on expense. When Richard had first heard this news he was really taken by surprised, he immediately called on Stanley and questioned if he had heard anything about what was happening, but he was not surprised that he said he knew nothing of this matter. At first Richard had decided to ignore this person Henry Tudor’s wild accusations by sending the true account of what really did happen to both courts
As he was heading Southwards Lincolnshire in the beginning of October he reached the city of Lincoln and it was here that he had first learnt news of a rebellion had broken out in the southern counties. He was greatly upset to hear that the leader of the rebellion was the Duke of Buckingham the man that Richard had made the most powerful man in the land under himself.
III
Richard had plans to start cleaning the streets of London and try and help the poor like he did in York. In the Summer London had got rather disease ridden and the plaque was never far away, Richard was rather concerned about Anne’s health and decided it would be best to reside at Windsor. The church had also had changed over the years and religion had changed over the years and religion had become less spiritual. The Abbeys were filled with treasures from people leaving money from their wills so that life in the next life would be cleansed of their sin. The church had lost touch with its sense of awe and had become places of great fears and superstition. People had started not believe in God, but towards the end of the fifteenth century there seemed to have been an increasing preoccupation with witches and the forces of darkness. As Elizabeth’s Woodvilles mother was formally accused of witchcraft in 1469. There were many prophets forecasting this in the past and that it just had installed fear into peoples minds.
As Richard had planned his progress, which he had, left Windsor on the 19th of July and headed for Oxford, where he enjoyed its university. He went to Woodstock, where it was reported that Richard had graciously eased the sore hearts of the inhabitants by deforesting for their use some lands which King Edward had for his own pleasure annexed to Whichwood Forest. London, Gloucester, and Worcester had each offered the King a benevolence to help defray his expenses; but he had declined all the offers, saying he had rather have their hearts than their money. It was also said by Dr Thomas Langton, who was one of King Edward’s trusted diplomats who had written to a friend. ‘I trust to God soon, by Michealmas, the King shall be at London. He contents the people where he goes best that ever did prince; for many a poor man that hath suffered wrong many days have been relieved and helped by him and his commands in his progress. And in many great cities and towns were great sums of money given him, which he hath refused. On my truth I liked never the conditions of any prince so well as his; God hath sent him to us for the weal of us all… This proof seems hardly a man who murdered his Nephews or as John Rous, who had written in the reign of Henry VII would reveal to the world that Richard had monstrously lain two years in his mother’s womb. Stories like that lose all creditability in being believable.
Richard had been thinking about going to Tewkesbury to pay his respects to his late bother George, Duke of Clarence and late sister in-law Isabel. He had felt it was important to pay his respects to them and he wanted to let people know that they had nothing wrong and wanted prayers said for their souls. He first went to Gloucester by granting them a charter of liberties and was warmly welcomed by the people of Gloucester. All the memories come had flooding back as he remembered the battle of Tewkesbury and how he had first decided to marry Anne. He had remembered that Anne’s first husband was also buried in the same abbey. He knelt at the altar and offered prayers for the souls of George and Isabel. He had left a gift of £310 out of the rent of the Duke of Clarence’s estates on the 4th of August. After such an emotional visit he had went to Worcester and further eastward towards Warwick where Anne’s old family home. As he reached there by 8th of August, where his wife Anne who had had joined Richard arrived from Windsor, bringing a Spanish envoy. Graufidius de Sasiola had told Richard that Queen Isabella had expressed her desire for peace with England. He had mentioned that now that Edward IV was dead and Louis XI had failed to honour the treaties that he had signed, she wanted to ally herself with England against France. Richard had felt he did not want to be drawn into war with France as he wanted England to become a more settled place. He did seem happy to have peace between the two countries for the security and trade that it would bring. This was the start of negotiations of closer bonds between the two families suggest that at this time they were forming closer ties. Richard had lost no time in writing to his council in London the next day to inform them of the proposal and he had asked the Chancellor if proposal would be of the approval of his council. Richard wanted to draw up documents and seal it with the Great Seal. He had appointed an ambassador Bernard de la Forssa with instructions that he was willing to agree to the new peace treaty and he wrote a friendly letter to the Queen saying that he will look forward to the two countries prospering together. He had mentioned to Queen Isabella that he had heard that the French King was in bad health and would be keeping a close eye on events in the French court as it was bitterly divided. He had also told her that his ambassador Bernard de la Forssa was on his way to complete negotiations.
There were other foreign affairs that had occupied his mind while he was on his progress. He was trying to strengthen his alliance with Burgundy, but the Duke Maximilian and his Flemish subjects were quarrelling with one another. It seemed that his subjects were rather unhappy with the treaty that he had made with Louis XI. There was good news from across the border in Scotland, it seemed that Scotland seem to show signs of wanting lasting peace after years of warfare. On the 16th of August, James III had sent down a proposal for an eight-month’s abstinence of war with having a view to having permanent peace. Bishop Langton had called it ‘a courteous and wise letter’. Richard remembering when he had gone to Scotland the year before had shown them that he was a man of his word. He had showed his willingness to negotiate by offering to provide safe-conducts for the Scots embassy. Having met James III, of Scotland he knew he was a weak ruler and it seemed that the Duke of Albany had betrayed his brother the king and he had delivered Dunbar to the English and had fled across the border to England. Richard had decided to award the Earl of Douglas an annuity of £500 and supported at his court the Duke of Albany. He did warn the King James III that if Scots continued to make more trouble; Douglas and Albany would be sent north to keep them busy.
It also seemed that Ireland needed Richard’s attention, as the coining of silver money was similar in appearance to English coins, but worth much less as it was heavily alloyed. This was causing problems during trade with English Merchants and Richard had ordered that money was to be minted only at Waterford and Dublin and the coins were made by an Irish design. He kept away from interfering with the government of Ireland and the Earl of Kildare was re-appointed Deputy Lieutenant for a year. Richard had not forgotten the Earl of Desmond and had sent him gowns, doublets, hose and bonnets and his livery: a collar of gold worked in roses and suns with his white boar. Richard wanted to have a close bond with Desmond as he had told him that justice had been done to those who killed his father and his brothers. He had told him that they both shared sorrow by the Woodvilles as he had mentioned that those that had murdered your family he too had suffered the lost of his brother the Duke of Clarence. Richard had pondered on what he was going to do with Elizabeth Woodville as he had added, if the Earl so desired, Richard promised to give him the opportunity to prosecute at law.
Events in France seemed to be uncertain as King Louis had replied to Richard’s announcement of becoming king it seemed that Louis was struggling to keep his grip on affairs as he knew that his health was deteriorating and his life was coming to the end. He had written Richard a very informal note saying. Monsieur mon cousin, I have seen the letter that you sent me by your herald Blanc Sanglier and thank you for the news you’ve given me and if I can do you any service, I’ll do it very willingly for I want to have your friendship. Adieu, Monsieur mon cousin’. It seemed that the dying King was making his peace with his world.
Richard had written back to Louis his reply.
I have seen the letters you have sent me by Buckingham herald, whereby I understand that you want my friendship in good form and manner, which contents me well enough; for I have no intention of breaking such truces as have previously been concluded between the late King of most noble memory, my brother, and you for as long as they still have to run [till 9th of April1484]. Nevertheless, the merchants of this my kingdom of England, seeing the great provocations your subjects have given them in seizing ships and merchandise and other goods, are fearful of venturing to go to Bordeaux and other places under your rule until they are assured by you that they can surely and safely carry on trade in all the places subject to your sway, according to the rights established by the aforesaid truces. Therefore, in order that my subjects and merchants may not find themselves deceived as a result of this present ambiguous situation, I pray you that by my servant this bearer, one of the grooms of my stable, you will let me know in writing your full intentions, at the same time informing me if there is anything I can do for you in order that I may do it with good heart. And farewell to you, Monsieur mon cousin.
It had seemed by the tone of the letter that England had been experiencing some trouble with French pirates menacing the English merchants. It had also looks as if this letter had no special envoy and was informally presented. Richard had never got a reply from that letter as Louis had never seen this communication as the old fox, Louis XI had died at Plessis-les-Tours on the 30th August. His heir Charles VIII, were still a minor and his daughter, Anne de Beaujeu who was rather like her father in many ways had become regent. Richard had managed to send a small fleet to police the channel against the French privateers during the summer of 1483.
Richard had decided to approach, Francis, Duke of Brittany in a friendly manner, for two almost two decades Edward IV had a rather fragile relationship. When he had heard that Edward Woodville and his retinue had entered Brittany and he felt that he wanted to keep the Duke of Brittany on his side, he had decided on the 13th of July that he appointed a Dr Thomas Hutton to go as a diplomat to Brittany. Dr Thomas Hutton had a reputation for ‘a man of pregnant wit’ and was an ideal man who could arrange for mutual ground for any grievances and re-establish the friendship between them. Henry Tudor and his uncle Jasper had been in exile there for quite a while and were busy planing their first attempt at invading England and little did Richard knew what was going on as he had sent Dr Thomas Hutton on his mission.
Richard was still on his progress and he had stopped over at Nottingham from 20th of August to the 23rd of August at Castle Rising, where he had set out for Pontefract the next day, where he had summoned seventy knights and gentlemen of the North to meet him. He had been thinking that the late King Edward’s son Richard should be looked after with his sisters along side his own son Edward the Prince of Wales and the two children of the late Duke and Duchess of Clarence. Edward, Prince of Wales had left Middleham with Anne’s Mother to join his parents at Pontefract. Richard and Anne had constantly worrying about their sons health and when they had seen that their son health was that poor that instead of riding a horse, he was driven in a chariot. It was a very emotional reunion as he was formally created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. A great feast was held with pageants, speeches, and arras and tapestry were hanging in the streets ‘for many southern lords and men of worship are with them and will greatly mark you receiving their Graces’.
York had been preparing for the royal visit for just over a month and a deal of work and effort had gone into this state visit. Richard and Anne and the Prince Edward were making their way to York, accompanied by a splendid retinue, that included the Bishops of Worcester, Coventry, Lichfield, Durham, the Duke of Albany, the Earl of Northumberland, Edward the Earl of Warwick and his sister Margaret (Clarence’s off spring). The late King Edward’s children were also present. Surrey, Huntingdon and Lincoln; the Lords Stanley, Dudley, Morley, and Scrope, Richard’s friend Viscount Lovell the Lord Chamberlain, the Chief Justice of England, and many officers of the Household. It seemed strange not for Buckingham was not present at such as a grand event as he had risen to such importance during the first months after Edward IV death. Nobody seemed to know clearly what he was doing, but Richard had not heard from him and all he knew he was at his estate in the Brecon hills. The royal parties were greeted at Tadcaster by two sheriff of the city, who had rode at the head of a long procession bearing their rods of authority. The King and Queen had been had rode through Micklegate with their large procession on the 30th of August. The streets were full of cheering crowds of people that had travelled for miles around to see the King and his family. An array of pageants had been staged just within the gate and another at the bridge over the river Ouse and a third at Stayngate.The Lord mayor gave a speech of welcome and presented King Richard with a hundred gold pounds in a piece of rich plate. Richard was overawed by such a welcome it was one of those moments in his life that warmed by the hearts of the people. He had decided to display his gratitude by calling the Mayor, Aldermen and chief commoners of the city and thanked them for they’re past services. As a reward he granted them a relief of more than half of the taxes they paid yearly to the crown. A ceremony at York for had been planned for young Edward as Prince of Wales. The keeper of the wardrobe had been busy in the last few weeks working in getting ready royal gowns, cloth of gold, gilt spurs, four religious banners, coats of arms for his heralds and 13,000 of costume badges of the white boar.
The state procession went to York Minster were the Prince of Wales a golden wand and a golden wreath was fitted his head. King Richard had taken this occasion to knight the Spanish ambassador and placed a gold collar around his neck. ‘Great honour, joy, and congratulation of the inhabitants, as in show of rejoicing they extolled King Richard above the skies’.
After the ceremony, Richard had established his household at Sheriff Hutton and all the house of York children were looked after by his cousin John, Earl of Lincoln, son of Richard’s older sister the Duchess of Suffolk. Richard had decided to give him the office of looking after matters of the Council of the North.
Richard had been hearing some disconcerting news from Brittany. Even when all those state occasions and being surrounded with people that he felt at ease with, there was something that just did not seem quite right since Buckingham had become very quite. In the middle of September Richard had bade farewell to Anne and his son as he had heard rather unpleasant news from Georges de Mainbier, an envoy of Francis of Brittany. It had seemed Francis Duke of Brittany was not bothered about the enquiry about Edward Woodville and the missing crown jewels. He seemed more bothered a man calling himself ‘Lord Richmond’ a certain person called Henry Tudor. Who was saying that King Richard had murdered the two princes in the Tower of London and he was going to rescue the children of the Late King Edward IV from the ogre king of England who had usurped the throne. It seemed that the court of the late Louis XI were preparing to arm Francis Duke of Brittany four thousand archers and some two to three thousand at the Duke’s on expense. When Richard had first heard this news he was really taken by surprised, he immediately called on Stanley and questioned if he had heard anything about what was happening, but he was not surprised that he said he knew nothing of this matter. At first Richard had decided to ignore this person Henry Tudor’s wild accusations by sending the true account of what really did happen to both courts
As he was heading Southwards Lincolnshire in the beginning of October he reached the city of Lincoln and it was here that he had first learnt news of a rebellion had broken out in the southern counties. He was greatly upset to hear that the leader of the rebellion was the Duke of Buckingham the man that Richard had made the most powerful man in the land under himself.
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