Roman Britain 360-536 Part II
Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 10:48 AM by KillCarneyKlansman
Roman Britain 360-536 Part II Timeline
LEGEND = [+]/plus years [c.]/circa [ASC] Anglo Saxon Chronicle [-yr] through years
LEGEND = [HBR] Geoffrey's, [HB] Nennius, [AOE2] Age of Empires II, [k.] KCK's edit
I supoose I could have added more, but I could see when I got to around 437, I would have
to revise this list again ... So who knows how many revisions there might be ... a couple more
... in time ... Here's a few interesting extra's ... Context, Notes, Links, Dates, Other Sources.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England
Historical context: Sub-Roman Britain and End of Roman rule in Britain
As the Roman occupation of Britain was coming to an end, Constantine III withdrew the remains of the army, in reaction to the barbarian invasion of Europe.[2][3] The Romano-British leaders were faced with an increasing security problem from sea borne raids, particularly by Picts on the East coast of England.[4] The expedient adopted by the Romano-British leaders was to enlist the help of Anglo-Saxon mercenaries (known as foederati), to whom they ceded territory.[4][5] In about AD 442 the Anglo-Saxons mutinied, apparently because they had not been paid.[6] The British responded by appealing to the Roman commander of the Western empire Aëtius for help (a document known as the Groans of the Britons), even though Honorius, the Western Roman Emperor, had written to the British civitas in or about AD 410 telling them to look to their own defence.[7][8][9][10] There then followed several years of fighting between the British and the Anglo-Saxons.[11] The fighting continued until around AD 500, when, at the Battle of Mount Badon, the Britons inflicted a severe defeat on the Anglo-Saxons.[12]
02. ^ Jones.The end of Roman Britain: Military Security. pp.164 - 168. The author discusses the failings of the Roman army in Britain and the reasons why they eventually left.
03. ^ Jones.The end of Roman Britain. p246. Roman Britain's death throes began on the last day of December 406 when Alans, Vandals, and Sueves crossed the Rhine and began the invasion of Gaul
04. ^ a b Morris. The Age of Arthur.pp.56 -62. Picts and Saxons.
05. ^ Myres. The English Settlements. p.14. Talking about Gildas references to the arrival of three keels(ships),...this was the number of ship loads that led to the foedus or treaty settlement. Gildas also uses in their correct sense technical terms, annona, epimenia, hospites, which most likely derive from official documents relating to the billeting and supply of barbarian foederati.
06. ^ Morris. Age of Arthur. p.75. - Gildas:.. The federate complained that their monthly deliveries were inadequately paid.. - All the greater towns fell to their enemy..
07. ^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#20 Gildas.The Ruin of Britain. What Gildas had to say about the letter to Aëtius.
08. ^ Dark. Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. p.29. Referring to Gildas text about a letter:The Britons...still felt it possible to appeal to Aetius, a Roman military official in Gaul in the mid-440s
09. ^ Dark. Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. p.29.Both Zosimus and Gildas refer to the 'Rescript of Honorius',a letter in which the Western Roman emperor told the British civitas to see to their own defence.
10. ^ Esmonde Cleary. The Ending of Roman Britain. pp.137 - 138. The author suggests that the 'Rescript of Honorius' may have been for a place in southern Italy rather than Britain and that the chronology is wrong
11. ^ Morris. The Age of Arthur. Chapter 6. The War
12. ^ a b c d http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#26 - Mount Badon is referred to as Bath-Hill in this translation of Gildas text.
Notes
-----
Pictland is been described as the home of the Caledonii, Verturiones, Taexali and Venicones.
St Ninian's Isle Treasure contains the best collection of Pictish forms.
Seven Pictish kingdoms [of Roman Britain times]
-----------------------------------------------
Cait, situated in modern Caithness and Sutherland [Extreme NW Highlands]
Ce, situated in modern Mar and Buchan
Circinn, perhaps situated in modern Angus and the Mearns [NE Highlands]
Fib, modern Fife, known as 'the Kingdom of Fife' [East Midlands]
Fidach, location unknown
Fotla, modern Atholl (Ath-Fotla)
Fortriu, cognate with the Verturiones; centered around Moray [NE Highlands]
© 1993-2003 ENCARTA Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Following the Roman departure, the Saxons became dominant. A record of their era is provided by the annals known as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and by the writings of Saint Bede the Venerable, the theologian and historian ... Knowledge of England before the 8th century rests substantially on Bede's work, on his painstaking efforts to gather documents and oral testimony and evaluate them according to the best critical standards of his time. He introduced to historical writing the system of dating events from the birth of Christ and did careful work on historical chronology, exemplified in De Temporum Ratione (On the Reckoning of Time, 725). Bede wrote about 40 works ... the breadth of his learning reveals the extensive library available to him and the level of culture achieved in England in his time ... Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People) is a history of England from the Roman occupation to 731, the year it was completed ... The work integrates a mass of laboriously collected information; its intellectual and artistic integrity set the standard for historical writing in medieval Europe ... Civil chronology was first used in 525 by the Christian monk Dionysius Exiguus, who fixed the birth of Christ in the year of Rome 753 [0 year]. Dionysius's chronology was introduced into historical writings by Bede the Venerable in the 8th century ... The first books specifically intended for children were collections of the 7th and 8th centuries that were written in Latin. The best-known works of this type, by outstanding ecclesiastical scholars such as Aldhelm, Alcuin, and Saint Bede the Venerable, were employed as lesson books in the monastery schools.
Contributed By: Nancy F. Partner, Jacquelin Collins,
William of Malmesbury (1090?-1143) of Norman and English heritage, chronicler, librarian, monk at Malmesbury Abbey in Wiltshire, who's principal works are the Gesta Regum Anglorum (1125?), Gesta Pontificum Anglorum (1126?), and Historia Novella, which record events that occurred in his lifetime to 1142. Modeled on the historical accounts of English history written by Bede the Venerable in the 8th century, the Gesta Regum Anglorum, in five books, gives an account of the English kings from the time of the Romans to 1127. It shows considerable learning and literary skill and is enlivened by many entertaining anecdotes ... William's most important work, however, from a strictly historical point of view, is the Historia Novella, a continuation of the Gesta Regum Anglorum, in three books. Here he deals with events that occurred in his own maturity, writing them down year by year, evidently from reliable sources of information.
THE KINGS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS A CHRONOLOGY
http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/nation08.htm#THE EARLY HISTORY OF MAN - PART 3.
Previous attempts to compile the chronology of the ancient British kings have invariably ended with the scholars concerned giving it all up as a bad job. But most of these attempts were made by men who had already convinced themselves that the task would be hopeless. Even those rare scholars who thought that Geoffrey of Monmouth deserved more serious consideration than he currently receives, were easily dissuaded from the task. Witness Thorpe:
"Accustomed as he is to precise dates, the modern reader will wonder occasionally just where he is in time. In what year did Bladud have his flying accident? When exactly did Leir die? When did Utherpendragon see the great star? Geoffrey gives only three dates: the death of Lucius occurred in AD 156 [-186], the abdication of Arthur in AD 542, and the death of Cadwallader in AD 689. He has, however, a series of synchronisms....by which he is at pains to reassure his readers and add verisimilitude to his story.... (but) some of these synchronisms leave us more confused than if we had not read them."
Lucius, as we have already seen, must have been alive at least after AD 75, and our chronology allows him a reign of 59 years from AD 137 - 186 ... The death of Arthur we can allow to stand as having occurred in AD 542, as this fits in very comfortably with the rest of the chronology, and the reign of Cadwallader
THE BRITISH CHRONICLES
http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/nation05.htm#THE BRITISH CHRONICLES
Shorn of its magic tales and accounts of heroic deeds, Geoffrey's Historia is seen to be built around a solid framework of perfectly acceptable historical data. In the first few books of the Historia appear the names of some 110 successive holders of the British crown ... The list is strictly a genealogy only as far as Lucius [Roman Britain times, we'll pick this up at Coel Hen, some 5 legates later] after whom it becomes a king-list ... Set against the acknowledged and expected errors in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work, are the equally expected (though too-rarely acknowledged) historical vindications. As Thorpe was compelled to concede:
"Finally, there is the archaeological evidence, the fact that strange light has been thrown upon certain of the alleged fancies of Geoffrey of Monmouth by subsequent archaeological discoveries."
(59) Coel. Becoming king by rebelling against and killing Ascliepiodotus, Coel is commemorated in the children's nursery-rhyme Old King Cole. He founded the city of Colchester that still bears his name.
(60) Constantius. Originally a Roman Senator, he was sent to Britain as Legate, and reduced Coel to submission. He married Coel's daughter, Helen, and became king on Coel's death.
(61) Constantine I. The son of Constantius and Helen, He ruled Britain on his father's death. He went on to become the famous Emperor of Rome who legalized the Christian religion.
(62) Octavius. He revolted while Constantine was in Rome, and assumed the British crown.
(63) Trahern. He was the brother of Coel, and was ordered by Constantine to put down the revolt of Octavius. Eventually defeating Octavius in battle, Trahern was later murdered by one of Octavius' men.
(64) Maximianus. He was a nephew of Coel, and he held the crown by virtue of that descent. He was, however, later assassinated in Rome by friends of his successor, Gracianus.
(65) Gracianus. He was originally sent to Britain by Maximianus to fight off an invasion by the Picts and Huns. However, upon successfully expelling the invaders, he assumed the crown and ordered the murder of Maximianus. He was himself to suffer death at the hands of an assassin.
(65) Consantantine II. Crowned king at Silchester and later killed by an unknown Pict; he invaded Britain at the request of Guithelinus.
(67) Constans. Constantine's eldest son, he tried to avoid the perils of the crown, becoming a monk at Winchester. He was forcibly crowned by Vortigern, who later had him murdered.
[BREAK] 68 - 76 included in timeline here
(77th) [HBR] Aurelius. Conanus Nephew of Constantine III, he gained the crown only by imprisoning another uncle who was next in line to the throne. He reigned for only three years before his death.
(78th) [HBR] Vortiporius. Succeeding Auralius Conanus, he put down an invasion from Germany. His subsequent fate is unrecorded.
(79th) [HBR] Malgo. According to a recorded speech of Cadwallo (82), He had two sons, Ennianus and Run, neither of whom succeeded him.
(80th) [HBR] Keredic. Of unknown origin and descent, he succeeded Malgo. In a subsequent battle, he was driven to seek refuge in Wales.
(81st) [HBR] Cadvan. Of Northern Welsh descent, he "succeeded" to the kingship by engaging in battle Ethelfrid, the king of Northumbria. They divided Britain between them, Cadvan ruling over the southern half.
(82nd) [HBR] Cadwallo. The son of Cadvan, he had a relatively long and eventful reign, eventually dying of old age.
(83rd) [HBR] Cadwallader. The son of Cadwallo, he succeeded his father as king. Bede knew him as Cliedvalla, and the Welsh knew him as Cadwaladr. He died in 689 AD.
(84th) [HBR] Yvor. Ruled over the remaining Britons who had been driven into Wales. The last king of strictly British descent, during Yvor's reign the British came to be known as the Welsh.
Dates (Extra)
---------------
370: Rome is said to have 28 public libraries.
383: Druidism, while accepting Christianity, submitted the ancient privileges and usages
383: Druidism's ancient learning, science and memorials were confirmed, lest they fail
383: [Insular British] Druids become lost, forgotten, done w/o contradiction, opposition
383: Marks the end of Roman rule in northern and western Britain
383: Roman troops were withdrawn from those regions of Britain for the last time
383: increased Raids by Saxons, Picts, and Scoti [Irish] in the years surrounding 383
386: Singing, including "Hallelujah" hymns, introduced into Christian church.
391: Archbishop reportedly orders destruction of Alexandrian Library.
393: Church sanctions 27 books of the New Testament; Christian Bible is complete.
395: the Huns began their first large-scale attack on the East Roman Empire.
400: The Roman army was 30 to 50 percent German mercenaries [depending on location]
400: Books cut into pages and bound in codex manner are preferred to scrolls.
400: Writing systems, vocabulary, spread from India to Southeast Asia.
400: Palestinian Talmud, first of two, completed.
400: A poet, Claudian, writes biased accounts of last days of the Roman empire.
401: Augustine writes his Confessions.
405: Jerome translates the Bible into Latin, the Vulgate.
405: [-406] Huns appear to move further west, pushing German tribes into Western Empire
406–440 Early historic king of Connacht. Amalgaid mac Fiachrae Uí Fiachrach
407: [-437] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Breasal mac Maine Mór
410: Roman legions in Britain were abandoned forever. withdrawn for service in Gaul
410: Saxon, Jute, Frisian and Angle raids increased from the north German coast
413: Augustine writes The City of God three years after Visigoths sack Rome.
415: Monks murder woman philosopher Hypatia ... held to be start of Medieval era.
418: The year Romans collected all the hoards of gold (14) that were in Britain; and some they hid in the earth, so that no man afterwards might find them, and some they carried away with them into Gaul.
(14) This is not to be understood strictly; gold being used as a general term for money or coin of every description; great quantities of which, it is well known, have been found at different times, and in many different places, in this island: not only of gold, but of silver, brass, copper, etc.
420: [c.] Prince of Domnonée Deroch I
420: Eugenius II, began to reign as King of Scotland [Buchanan]
425: Constantinople University is founded.
434: [-453] [AOE2] [Attila the Hun, like] the Mongols made extensive use of terror [in battle and as a political tool in negotiations; see Beowulf, gunpowder. The Viking's](500 to 1100) spreading out from their homelands in Scandinavia, struck suddenly across the seas to terrorize Europe.
434: [-453] [Attila's] reign was one of the most feared of the Roman Empires
435: [ASC] This year the Goths sacked the city of Rome [410?]; and never since have the Romans reigned in Britain [410?]. This was about eleven hundred and ten winters after it was built. They reigned altogether in Britain four hundred and seventy winters since Gaius Julius first sought that land [55 BC].
[.The ASC (in this one reference?) has 55 BC - 470 winters = 415; 4 to 5 years ahead of time of the Sack of Rome, this is because the date was calculated on Christ Birth fixed at year 0, not 4 or 5 BC. This puts the ASC clock 20 or 25 years, depending how you look at it, ahead of time by Chronilicers.]
[.But looking at it just by reason alone comes to the same time reference from Ceasar's coming to The Sack of Rome. This one descrepancy which seems out of place, really doesn't match the rest of the ASC. Maybe they included it as written that way, some interpolation? Maybe in relationship with the dual reign of Vortigern and Ambrosis I & II? or its a typo?]
060: BC [ASC] Before the incarnation of Christ sixty years, Gaius Julius the emperor, first of the Romans, sought the land of Britain; and he crushed the Britons in battle, and overcame them; and nevertheless he was unable to gain any empire there.)) [55 instead of 60, (4 or) 5 years behind BC]
More Sources
------------
AOE2 - Age of Empires 2 Microsoft
Curiosities of Great Britain England & Wales Thomas Dugdale
http://www.historum.com/blogs/killca...on-part-i.html
http://www.keithhunt.com/Druids1.html
http://www.duffus.com/scottishkings.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Uí_Maine
LEGEND = [+]/plus years [c.]/circa [ASC] Anglo Saxon Chronicle [-yr] through years
LEGEND = [HBR] Geoffrey's, [HB] Nennius, [AOE2] Age of Empires II, [k.] KCK's edit
I supoose I could have added more, but I could see when I got to around 437, I would have
to revise this list again ... So who knows how many revisions there might be ... a couple more
... in time ... Here's a few interesting extra's ... Context, Notes, Links, Dates, Other Sources.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_England
Historical context: Sub-Roman Britain and End of Roman rule in Britain
As the Roman occupation of Britain was coming to an end, Constantine III withdrew the remains of the army, in reaction to the barbarian invasion of Europe.[2][3] The Romano-British leaders were faced with an increasing security problem from sea borne raids, particularly by Picts on the East coast of England.[4] The expedient adopted by the Romano-British leaders was to enlist the help of Anglo-Saxon mercenaries (known as foederati), to whom they ceded territory.[4][5] In about AD 442 the Anglo-Saxons mutinied, apparently because they had not been paid.[6] The British responded by appealing to the Roman commander of the Western empire Aëtius for help (a document known as the Groans of the Britons), even though Honorius, the Western Roman Emperor, had written to the British civitas in or about AD 410 telling them to look to their own defence.[7][8][9][10] There then followed several years of fighting between the British and the Anglo-Saxons.[11] The fighting continued until around AD 500, when, at the Battle of Mount Badon, the Britons inflicted a severe defeat on the Anglo-Saxons.[12]
02. ^ Jones.The end of Roman Britain: Military Security. pp.164 - 168. The author discusses the failings of the Roman army in Britain and the reasons why they eventually left.
03. ^ Jones.The end of Roman Britain. p246. Roman Britain's death throes began on the last day of December 406 when Alans, Vandals, and Sueves crossed the Rhine and began the invasion of Gaul
04. ^ a b Morris. The Age of Arthur.pp.56 -62. Picts and Saxons.
05. ^ Myres. The English Settlements. p.14. Talking about Gildas references to the arrival of three keels(ships),...this was the number of ship loads that led to the foedus or treaty settlement. Gildas also uses in their correct sense technical terms, annona, epimenia, hospites, which most likely derive from official documents relating to the billeting and supply of barbarian foederati.
06. ^ Morris. Age of Arthur. p.75. - Gildas:.. The federate complained that their monthly deliveries were inadequately paid.. - All the greater towns fell to their enemy..
07. ^ http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#20 Gildas.The Ruin of Britain. What Gildas had to say about the letter to Aëtius.
08. ^ Dark. Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. p.29. Referring to Gildas text about a letter:The Britons...still felt it possible to appeal to Aetius, a Roman military official in Gaul in the mid-440s
09. ^ Dark. Britain and the End of the Roman Empire. p.29.Both Zosimus and Gildas refer to the 'Rescript of Honorius',a letter in which the Western Roman emperor told the British civitas to see to their own defence.
10. ^ Esmonde Cleary. The Ending of Roman Britain. pp.137 - 138. The author suggests that the 'Rescript of Honorius' may have been for a place in southern Italy rather than Britain and that the chronology is wrong
11. ^ Morris. The Age of Arthur. Chapter 6. The War
12. ^ a b c d http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ruin_of_Britain#26 - Mount Badon is referred to as Bath-Hill in this translation of Gildas text.
Notes
-----
Pictland is been described as the home of the Caledonii, Verturiones, Taexali and Venicones.
St Ninian's Isle Treasure contains the best collection of Pictish forms.
Seven Pictish kingdoms [of Roman Britain times]
-----------------------------------------------
Cait, situated in modern Caithness and Sutherland [Extreme NW Highlands]
Ce, situated in modern Mar and Buchan
Circinn, perhaps situated in modern Angus and the Mearns [NE Highlands]
Fib, modern Fife, known as 'the Kingdom of Fife' [East Midlands]
Fidach, location unknown
Fotla, modern Atholl (Ath-Fotla)
Fortriu, cognate with the Verturiones; centered around Moray [NE Highlands]
© 1993-2003 ENCARTA Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Following the Roman departure, the Saxons became dominant. A record of their era is provided by the annals known as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and by the writings of Saint Bede the Venerable, the theologian and historian ... Knowledge of England before the 8th century rests substantially on Bede's work, on his painstaking efforts to gather documents and oral testimony and evaluate them according to the best critical standards of his time. He introduced to historical writing the system of dating events from the birth of Christ and did careful work on historical chronology, exemplified in De Temporum Ratione (On the Reckoning of Time, 725). Bede wrote about 40 works ... the breadth of his learning reveals the extensive library available to him and the level of culture achieved in England in his time ... Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People) is a history of England from the Roman occupation to 731, the year it was completed ... The work integrates a mass of laboriously collected information; its intellectual and artistic integrity set the standard for historical writing in medieval Europe ... Civil chronology was first used in 525 by the Christian monk Dionysius Exiguus, who fixed the birth of Christ in the year of Rome 753 [0 year]. Dionysius's chronology was introduced into historical writings by Bede the Venerable in the 8th century ... The first books specifically intended for children were collections of the 7th and 8th centuries that were written in Latin. The best-known works of this type, by outstanding ecclesiastical scholars such as Aldhelm, Alcuin, and Saint Bede the Venerable, were employed as lesson books in the monastery schools.
Contributed By: Nancy F. Partner, Jacquelin Collins,
William of Malmesbury (1090?-1143) of Norman and English heritage, chronicler, librarian, monk at Malmesbury Abbey in Wiltshire, who's principal works are the Gesta Regum Anglorum (1125?), Gesta Pontificum Anglorum (1126?), and Historia Novella, which record events that occurred in his lifetime to 1142. Modeled on the historical accounts of English history written by Bede the Venerable in the 8th century, the Gesta Regum Anglorum, in five books, gives an account of the English kings from the time of the Romans to 1127. It shows considerable learning and literary skill and is enlivened by many entertaining anecdotes ... William's most important work, however, from a strictly historical point of view, is the Historia Novella, a continuation of the Gesta Regum Anglorum, in three books. Here he deals with events that occurred in his own maturity, writing them down year by year, evidently from reliable sources of information.
THE KINGS OF THE ANCIENT BRITONS A CHRONOLOGY
http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/nation08.htm#THE EARLY HISTORY OF MAN - PART 3.
Previous attempts to compile the chronology of the ancient British kings have invariably ended with the scholars concerned giving it all up as a bad job. But most of these attempts were made by men who had already convinced themselves that the task would be hopeless. Even those rare scholars who thought that Geoffrey of Monmouth deserved more serious consideration than he currently receives, were easily dissuaded from the task. Witness Thorpe:
"Accustomed as he is to precise dates, the modern reader will wonder occasionally just where he is in time. In what year did Bladud have his flying accident? When exactly did Leir die? When did Utherpendragon see the great star? Geoffrey gives only three dates: the death of Lucius occurred in AD 156 [-186], the abdication of Arthur in AD 542, and the death of Cadwallader in AD 689. He has, however, a series of synchronisms....by which he is at pains to reassure his readers and add verisimilitude to his story.... (but) some of these synchronisms leave us more confused than if we had not read them."
Lucius, as we have already seen, must have been alive at least after AD 75, and our chronology allows him a reign of 59 years from AD 137 - 186 ... The death of Arthur we can allow to stand as having occurred in AD 542, as this fits in very comfortably with the rest of the chronology, and the reign of Cadwallader
THE BRITISH CHRONICLES
http://www.biblebelievers.org.au/nation05.htm#THE BRITISH CHRONICLES
Shorn of its magic tales and accounts of heroic deeds, Geoffrey's Historia is seen to be built around a solid framework of perfectly acceptable historical data. In the first few books of the Historia appear the names of some 110 successive holders of the British crown ... The list is strictly a genealogy only as far as Lucius [Roman Britain times, we'll pick this up at Coel Hen, some 5 legates later] after whom it becomes a king-list ... Set against the acknowledged and expected errors in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work, are the equally expected (though too-rarely acknowledged) historical vindications. As Thorpe was compelled to concede:
"Finally, there is the archaeological evidence, the fact that strange light has been thrown upon certain of the alleged fancies of Geoffrey of Monmouth by subsequent archaeological discoveries."
(59) Coel. Becoming king by rebelling against and killing Ascliepiodotus, Coel is commemorated in the children's nursery-rhyme Old King Cole. He founded the city of Colchester that still bears his name.
(60) Constantius. Originally a Roman Senator, he was sent to Britain as Legate, and reduced Coel to submission. He married Coel's daughter, Helen, and became king on Coel's death.
(61) Constantine I. The son of Constantius and Helen, He ruled Britain on his father's death. He went on to become the famous Emperor of Rome who legalized the Christian religion.
(62) Octavius. He revolted while Constantine was in Rome, and assumed the British crown.
(63) Trahern. He was the brother of Coel, and was ordered by Constantine to put down the revolt of Octavius. Eventually defeating Octavius in battle, Trahern was later murdered by one of Octavius' men.
(64) Maximianus. He was a nephew of Coel, and he held the crown by virtue of that descent. He was, however, later assassinated in Rome by friends of his successor, Gracianus.
(65) Gracianus. He was originally sent to Britain by Maximianus to fight off an invasion by the Picts and Huns. However, upon successfully expelling the invaders, he assumed the crown and ordered the murder of Maximianus. He was himself to suffer death at the hands of an assassin.
(65) Consantantine II. Crowned king at Silchester and later killed by an unknown Pict; he invaded Britain at the request of Guithelinus.
(67) Constans. Constantine's eldest son, he tried to avoid the perils of the crown, becoming a monk at Winchester. He was forcibly crowned by Vortigern, who later had him murdered.
[BREAK] 68 - 76 included in timeline here
(77th) [HBR] Aurelius. Conanus Nephew of Constantine III, he gained the crown only by imprisoning another uncle who was next in line to the throne. He reigned for only three years before his death.
(78th) [HBR] Vortiporius. Succeeding Auralius Conanus, he put down an invasion from Germany. His subsequent fate is unrecorded.
(79th) [HBR] Malgo. According to a recorded speech of Cadwallo (82), He had two sons, Ennianus and Run, neither of whom succeeded him.
(80th) [HBR] Keredic. Of unknown origin and descent, he succeeded Malgo. In a subsequent battle, he was driven to seek refuge in Wales.
(81st) [HBR] Cadvan. Of Northern Welsh descent, he "succeeded" to the kingship by engaging in battle Ethelfrid, the king of Northumbria. They divided Britain between them, Cadvan ruling over the southern half.
(82nd) [HBR] Cadwallo. The son of Cadvan, he had a relatively long and eventful reign, eventually dying of old age.
(83rd) [HBR] Cadwallader. The son of Cadwallo, he succeeded his father as king. Bede knew him as Cliedvalla, and the Welsh knew him as Cadwaladr. He died in 689 AD.
(84th) [HBR] Yvor. Ruled over the remaining Britons who had been driven into Wales. The last king of strictly British descent, during Yvor's reign the British came to be known as the Welsh.
Dates (Extra)
---------------
370: Rome is said to have 28 public libraries.
383: Druidism, while accepting Christianity, submitted the ancient privileges and usages
383: Druidism's ancient learning, science and memorials were confirmed, lest they fail
383: [Insular British] Druids become lost, forgotten, done w/o contradiction, opposition
383: Marks the end of Roman rule in northern and western Britain
383: Roman troops were withdrawn from those regions of Britain for the last time
383: increased Raids by Saxons, Picts, and Scoti [Irish] in the years surrounding 383
386: Singing, including "Hallelujah" hymns, introduced into Christian church.
391: Archbishop reportedly orders destruction of Alexandrian Library.
393: Church sanctions 27 books of the New Testament; Christian Bible is complete.
395: the Huns began their first large-scale attack on the East Roman Empire.
400: The Roman army was 30 to 50 percent German mercenaries [depending on location]
400: Books cut into pages and bound in codex manner are preferred to scrolls.
400: Writing systems, vocabulary, spread from India to Southeast Asia.
400: Palestinian Talmud, first of two, completed.
400: A poet, Claudian, writes biased accounts of last days of the Roman empire.
401: Augustine writes his Confessions.
405: Jerome translates the Bible into Latin, the Vulgate.
405: [-406] Huns appear to move further west, pushing German tribes into Western Empire
406–440 Early historic king of Connacht. Amalgaid mac Fiachrae Uí Fiachrach
407: [-437] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Breasal mac Maine Mór
410: Roman legions in Britain were abandoned forever. withdrawn for service in Gaul
410: Saxon, Jute, Frisian and Angle raids increased from the north German coast
413: Augustine writes The City of God three years after Visigoths sack Rome.
415: Monks murder woman philosopher Hypatia ... held to be start of Medieval era.
418: The year Romans collected all the hoards of gold (14) that were in Britain; and some they hid in the earth, so that no man afterwards might find them, and some they carried away with them into Gaul.
(14) This is not to be understood strictly; gold being used as a general term for money or coin of every description; great quantities of which, it is well known, have been found at different times, and in many different places, in this island: not only of gold, but of silver, brass, copper, etc.
420: [c.] Prince of Domnonée Deroch I
420: Eugenius II, began to reign as King of Scotland [Buchanan]
425: Constantinople University is founded.
434: [-453] [AOE2] [Attila the Hun, like] the Mongols made extensive use of terror [in battle and as a political tool in negotiations; see Beowulf, gunpowder. The Viking's](500 to 1100) spreading out from their homelands in Scandinavia, struck suddenly across the seas to terrorize Europe.
434: [-453] [Attila's] reign was one of the most feared of the Roman Empires
435: [ASC] This year the Goths sacked the city of Rome [410?]; and never since have the Romans reigned in Britain [410?]. This was about eleven hundred and ten winters after it was built. They reigned altogether in Britain four hundred and seventy winters since Gaius Julius first sought that land [55 BC].
[.The ASC (in this one reference?) has 55 BC - 470 winters = 415; 4 to 5 years ahead of time of the Sack of Rome, this is because the date was calculated on Christ Birth fixed at year 0, not 4 or 5 BC. This puts the ASC clock 20 or 25 years, depending how you look at it, ahead of time by Chronilicers.]
[.But looking at it just by reason alone comes to the same time reference from Ceasar's coming to The Sack of Rome. This one descrepancy which seems out of place, really doesn't match the rest of the ASC. Maybe they included it as written that way, some interpolation? Maybe in relationship with the dual reign of Vortigern and Ambrosis I & II? or its a typo?]
060: BC [ASC] Before the incarnation of Christ sixty years, Gaius Julius the emperor, first of the Romans, sought the land of Britain; and he crushed the Britons in battle, and overcame them; and nevertheless he was unable to gain any empire there.)) [55 instead of 60, (4 or) 5 years behind BC]
More Sources
------------
AOE2 - Age of Empires 2 Microsoft
Curiosities of Great Britain England & Wales Thomas Dugdale
http://www.historum.com/blogs/killca...on-part-i.html
http://www.keithhunt.com/Druids1.html
Hunshttp://www.duffus.com/scottishkings.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Uí_Maine
Total Comments 22
Comments
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435: Presumed Dumnonian king by ancestry Conomor ap Tutwal died after a 25 year reign
435: [–443] Presumed Dumnonian king by ancestry Constantine Corneu ap Conomar, Cornwall
436: The Huns attack the Burgundians, wiping out the royal family.
436: King of Leinster Bressal Bélach died
436: [-446] King of Leinster Énnae Cennsalach
437: [c.] (68th) [HBR] Vortigern. He became king after the murder of Constans. It was Vortigern who invited the Saxon adventurers, Hengis and Horsa, to Britain to help fight the Picts. After a disastrous reign, during which he married Renwein, the daughter of Hengist.
437: [HBR] Constans reigned 17 yrs in Britain and died [since Constantine III (c. 410) some 27 yrs ??]
437: [-455] Vortigern reigned 18 yrs in Britain before being deposed [HBR]
437: [-454] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Fiachra Finn
437: [t.] Ambrosius (Aurelianus) returns from exile in Brittany.
437: Ambrosius (Aurelianus) appears as leader of the Pro-Roman faction in Britain
437: Vortigern's relative, Vitalinus fights Ambrosius (Aurelianus), Battle of Wallop.
437: Ambrosius (Aurelianus) likely victory gives him all the western side of Britain
437: Galla Placidia quits as regent for her son.
437: Oct 29, Valentinian III marries Licinia Eudoxia, cousins daughter Theodosius II
437: Western, Eastern Roman Empire unifies the two branches of the House of Theodosius
437: Aëtius attempts to put an end to Burgundian raids in Augusta Vangionum
437: Aëtius calls in Hun mercenaries which overwhelm Vangionum 20,000 Burgundians died
437: The epic Augusta Vangionum disaster provided the source for Nibelungenlied.
437: [c.] Irish chieftain Triffyn Farfog takes Dyfed marrying daughter of King Clotri
438: Feb 15; The Codex Theodosianus, a collection of edicts of Roman law, is published.
438: The last known Gladiator combat in the Colosseum is held.
438: Relics of John Chrysostom are transported to Constantinople.
438: Yazdegerd II becomes King of Persia.
???: 438: Probable birth of Ambrosius (Aurelianus), scion leading Romano-British family
438: ???: [k.] Probable birth of [Aurelius] Ambrosius, leading Romano-British family
438: [c.] (73rd) [HBR] [Aurelius] Ambrosius. Too young to take up the crown, he was smuggled to Brittany on Constans' murder (see 67), and was raised in the household of king Budicius. Eventually declared king, Aurelius planned Vortigern's death. During his reign, Ambrosius forced the Saxons to retreat to Albany (Scotland,) and captured and executed Hengist at Kaerconan, present-day Conisborough. He was eventually poisoned by Eopa the Saxon.
438: [c.](74th) [HBR] Utherpendragon. Named Uther at birth he assumed the surname pen-Dragon after the appearance of a dragon in the sky. Like his brother Aurelius, he was smuggled abroad on the murder of Constans. 501: [-521] Uther Pendragon reigned 20 yrs in Britain 20yrs [HBR] [This date is likely to late, but certainly possible]
439: Licinia Eudoxia, wife of the Emperor Valentinian III, is granted the title of Augusta following the birth of their daughter Eudocia.
439: Oct 19, Carthage falls to the Vandals.
439: The monastery of Mar Saba is founded near Bethlehem, Palestine.
440: [–445] Early historic king of Connacht. Nath Í Uí Fiachrach
440: [+][t.] Anglo-Saxons settle in Britain, invited by Vortigern.
440: Geiseric, king of the Vandals, captures Sicily.
440: Hepthalites move south from Altay to Transoxiana, Bactria, Khurasan, east Persia
440: [+] Parting of Lot, Abraham, mosaic, nave arcade, Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
440: September 29 – Pope Leo I succeeds Pope Sixtus III as the 45th pope.
440: St. Patrick escapes from his captors and returns to Britain.
440: [-490] King Brychan flourishes in Brycheiniog. His three wives give birth to many saintly children who evangelize Dumnonia.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:01 PM by KillCarneyKlansman
- 440: [-450] Civil war, famine in Britain, ruling council's weakness, Pictish invasions;
440: [-450] Britains civil war aggravated by tensions between Pelagian, Roman factions
440: [-450] Migration of pro-Roman-Brits toward west. Vacated towns, cities in ruin.
440: [-450] Britain is beginning to be divided, geographically, along factional lines.
440: [-450] King Glywys of Glywysing flourishes in Glywysing.
441: Gallic Chronicle records Britain abandoned by Romans passed into power of Saxons
441: Nov 8, Council of Orange convened under guidance of Hilary of Arles, Orange, France
441: The Huns invade the Balkans.
441: Persia fights a short war with the Eastern Empire.
441: Chrysaphius became chief advisor to Theodosius II, Pulcheria, his sister, dismissed
442: Romans conclude a treaty with Geiseric, acknowledging Vandal nation in North Africa
442: Eógan mac Néill baptized, Saint Patrick, becomes the first Catholic King of Ireland
442: Domnus II succeeds his uncle John as Patriarch of Antioch.
443: Attila destroys Naissus.
443: The Burgundians create a kingdom on the banks of the Rhone.
443: Constantine Corneu of Dumnonia divides kingdom between two sons, Dumnonia & Cerniw
443: [–480] Dumnonian king related by Welsh records, Erbin ap Constantine
443: [ASC] This year sent the Britons over sea to Rome, and begged assistance against the Picts; but they had none, for the Romans were at war with Atila, king of the Huns. Then sent they to the Angles, and requested the same from the nobles of that nation.
444: [t.] Saint (Eastern Christian)/Heretic (mainstream Christian) Dioscorus I of Alexandria becomes the Patriarch of Alexandria / the 25th Pope of Alexandria (by different traditions respectively).
444: [ASC] This year died St. Martin.
444: The "Groans of the Britons", a last appeal to Roman government.
444: The Irish city of Armagh is founded by St. Patrick.
444: Pope Leo I extinguishes the Gallican vicariate.
445: An edict of Valentinian III is issued against the Manichaeans.
445: Petronius Maximus is given the title Patrician.
445: Attila murders his brother and co-king Bleda (cause, circumstances inconclusive).
445: Patriarch Domnus II, Antioch, synod, Syrian bishops depose of Athanasius of Perrha
445: Ireland: The Diocese of Armagh is created.
445: [c.] Vortigern comes to power in Britain.
445: [–482] Early historic king of Connacht. Ailill Molt Uí Fiachrach
446: King of Leinster Mac Cairthinn mac Coelboth, died
446: Britons (probably the pro-Roman party) appeal to Aetius, Roman governor of Gaul, for military assistance in their struggle against the Picts and the Irish (Scots). No help could be sent, at this time, as Aetius had his hands full with Attila the Hun.
446: [c.] Vortigern authorizes the use of Saxon mercenaries, known as foederati, for the defense of the northern parts against barbarian attack. To guard against further Irish incursions, Cunedda and his sons are moved from Manau Gododdin in northern Britain to northwest Wales.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:01 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 446: [c.] "Groans of the Britons" - A possible last appeal to Aetius for assistance
446: The Cor Tewdws (Collage of Theodosius), Llantwit Major is burned down.
446: A synod is held by Turibius of Astorga.
446: Flavian becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
447: Earthquakes level most walls of Constantinople, which are rebuilt within 60 days
447: Attila devastated Illyria and the region between the Black Sea and Mediterranean
447: Battle of the Utus: Attila the Hun meets the Romans in an indecisive battle. The Huns invade the Balkans as far as Thermopylae. Serdica (Sofia) was destroyed during their invasion.
447: Eastern Rome loses to Attila the Hun
447: Flavian becomes bishop of Constantinople.
447: Synod of Toledo: The filioque clause is added to the Nicene Creed.
447: Merovech becomes king of the Franks.
447: The first entry in the Annales Cambriæ refers to this year.
447: 1st English kingdom, Thanet, Kent created to Saxon leader Hengist by Vortigern
447: [c.] (69th) [HBR] Hengist. With his brother Horsa he was invited to Britain by Vortigern to help expel the invading Picts. However, Hengist availed himself of the opportunity to settle his own people permanently in Britain. He gave his daughter Renwein to Vortigern in exchange for the county of Kent. His treachery became Proverbial, and he was eventually caught and executed.
447: Second visit of St. Germanus (this time accompanied by Severus, Bishop of Trier) to Britain. Was this visit spiritually motivated, to combat a revived Pelagian threat or was Germanus sent in Aetius' stead, to do whatever he could to help the desperate Britons?
447: [c.] Britons, aroused to heroic effort, "inflicted a massacre" on their enemies, the Picts and Irish, and were left in peace, for a brief time. Could this heroic effort have been led, again, by St. Germanus?
448: [c.] Death of St. Germanus in Ravenna. Civil war and plague ravage Britain.
448: Theodosius II sends ambassador to Attila; Priscus records few accounts of the Huns
448: Eutyches is accused of heresy at a council held in Constantinople.
448: [ASC] This year John the Baptist showed his head to two monks, who came from the eastern country to Jerusalem for the sake of prayer, in the place that whilom was the palace of Herod. (15)
449: [ASC] This year Marcian [good] and Valentinian [?][ way off][Theo II] assumed the empire, and reigned seven winters. In their days Hengest and Horsa, invited by Wurtgern, king of the Britons to his assistance, landed in Britain in a place that is called Ipwinesfleet; first of all to support the Britons, but they afterwards fought against them. The king directed them to fight against the Picts; and they did so; and obtained the victory wheresoever they came. They then sent to the Angles, and desired them to send more assistance. They described the worthlessness of the Britons, and the richness of the land. They then sent them greater support. Then came the men from three powers of Germany; the Old Saxons, the Angles, and the Jutes. From the Jutes are descended the men of Kent, the Wightwarians (that is, the tribe that now dwelleth in the Isle of Wight), and that kindred in Wessex that men yet call the kindred of the Jutes. From the Old Saxons came the people of Essex and Sussex and Wessex. From Anglia, which has ever since remained waste between the Jutes and the Saxons, came the East Angles, the Middle Angles, the Mercians, and all of those north of the Humber. Their leaders were two brothers, Hengest and Horsa; who were the sons of Wihtgils; Wihtgils was the son of Witta, Witta of Wecta, Wecta of Woden. From this Woden arose all our royal kindred, and that of the Southumbrians also.
449: [ASC] Vortigern invited the Angles, they came to Britain in three ceols, at the place called Wippidsfleet.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:02 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 449: Vortigern invites Anglo-Saxons to come and help them against the Picts, who were raiding the east coast, and allows them to settle on "The eastern side of the island.". (The name Vortigern may mean "Great King" rather than being a lifelong personal name.)
449: [t.] Vortigern forms alliance with Hengest, Horsa, chieftains Jutes, leading Anglo-Saxon invasion Britain
449: Aug 3-8, Council of Ephesus, Dioscorus, Patriarch of Alexandria deposes Flavian, Patriarch of Constantinople, and Domnus II, Patriarch of Antioch.
449: Oct, A Roman synod repudiates all the decisions of the Second Council of Ephesus.
449: Anatolius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
449: Maximus II becomes Patriarch of Antioch.
450: August 25 – Marcian is crowned Eastern Roman Emperor.
450: [c.] Dome of Baptistry of Neon, Ravenna, Italy, is started to be remodeled.
450: In India, Kalidasa, greatest of classical Sanskrit writers.
450: Ink on seals is stamped on paper in China. This is true printing.
450: Beginnings of Old English; it will last 700 years.
450: [t.] Angles, Saxons and Jutes invade Britain
450: [c.] Patching Hoard, West Sussex. 13 Roman and 10 Visigothic gold solidi
450: [-461] immigration of Bretons (christian Britons, evading Anglo-Saxon pressure)
450: [c.] In the first year of Marcian and Valentinian, Hengest arrives on shores of Britain with "3 keels" of warriors, and are welcomed by Vortigern. This event is known in Latin as the "Adventus Saxonum," the coming of the Saxons.
451: April 7 – The Huns sack Metz.
451: Attila the Hun is repelled from Gaul by Roman–Barbarian forces, Battle of Châlons.
451: Huns under Attila facing the Romans, Visigoths are defeated, Battle of Chalons.
451: Jun 20, Battle of Chalons: The Huns and the Ostrogoths, facing the Romans and the Visigoths, achieve at best a draw. After the battle, between 10,000 and 20,000 men lie dead on the Catalaunian Fields.
451: Battle of Vartanantz: The Armenian army is defeated by the Persians, and their rebel leader, Saint Vartan, dies. Despite the loss, Armenians consider this battle to have been a moral and religious victory, since the Persian king, out of respect for their efforts, allows them to remain Christian. The anniversary is a national and religious holiday.
451: October 8 – Council of Chalcedon, Ecumenical council of the Christian church. As a result of this council the Oriental Orthodox churches became a separate communion.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:02 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 451: Sassanid ruler Yazdegerd II abolishes the Sabbath, orders execution Jewish leaders
451: Sassanid ruler Yazdegerd orders the execution of the Jewish Exilarch Mar Nuna
451: Jerusalem becomes a Patriarchate.
451: Dioscorus of Alexandria is deposed as Patriarch of Antioch.
452: Dongardus, began to reign as King of Scotland [Buchanan]
452: Attila, king of the Huns, invades Italy.
452: The city of Venice is founded by fugitives from Attila's army.
452: Emona is destroyed by the Huns, led by Attila, deserted by most of its inhabitants
452: Pope Leo I meets with Attila, Micino River, convinces him not to sack Rome.
452: Rome targeted by Attila is not attacked due to a last-minute effort by Pope Leo I.
452: [c.] Increasing Saxon settlement in Britain. Vortigern marries Hengest's daughter, Rowenna, and supposedly offers the Jutish leader the kingdom of Kent. Hengest invites his son, Octha, from Germany with "16 keels" of warriors, who occupy the northern lands, to defend against the Picts. Picts never heard from, again.
453: [c.] Increasing Saxon unrest, raids on British towns & cities become more frequent
453: Theodoric II succeeds his brother Thorismund as king of the Visigoths.
453: Death of Attila. The Hunnic Empire is divided between his sons.
454: Sep 21, Emperor Valentinian III assassinates Aëtius, consul, throne room, Ravenna.
454: The Battle of Nedao is fought between the Gepids and the Huns.
454: Ireland: The Diocese of Clogher is erected.
454: Battle of Nedao, Germanic tribes destroy main Hunnic army, throw off Hunnic rule
454: [-476] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Connall Cas Ciabhach
455: [-460] Vortimer (Guorthemer) reigned 5 yrs in Britain [HBR]
455: [c.] (70th) [HBR] Vortimer. The son of Vortigern by his first wife, Vortimer achieved four notable victories in his attempts to drive out the Saxons, but for this he was poisoned by his Saxon step-mother.
455: March 16 – Valentinian III is murdered by former soldiers of Aëtius, in revenge for Valentinian's killing of Aëtius the previous year. Also his primicerius sacri cubiculi, Heraclius, is killed.
455: March 17 – Petronius Maximus becomes Emperor. He is later killed by an angry mob.
455: Jun 2, Geiseric leading the Vandals plunder Rome for a period lasting two weeks
455: Jul 9, Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor at Tolosa.
455: The Ostrogoths conquer Pannonia and Dalmatia.
455: Skandagupta succeeds Kumaragupta as ruler of the Gupta Empire.
455: [c.] Skandagupta repels an Indo-Hephthalite attack on India.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:03 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 455: Valentinian III is assassinated and succeeded by Petronius Maximus as emperor. Rome is plundered by the Vandals, and Maximus is killed during mob violence. Avitus becomes emperor of the west.
455: [ASC 1] (Battle of Aylesford: Here Hengest and Horsa fought against Vortigern the king, in the place that is called Aylesford, and his brother Horsa was slain; and after that Hengest took the throne with Æsc, his son.)
455: [-456] The indecisve Battle of Aylesford between Hengest's Saxons and the British under Prince Vortimer. Prince Cadeyrn [Katigern] of Britain and King Horsa of Kent are killed in the fighting.
456: [c.] (71st) [HBR] Katigern [Cateyrn] The second son of Vortigern by his first wife, Katigern was killed at the battle of Epiford by Horsa, brother of Hengist (69) [by some traditions Katigern is killed here or later 455-457]
456: [c.] Probably fictitious, but entirely believable event in which Saxons massacre 300 leading British noblemen at phony "peace" conference. Ambrosius' father, who may have been the leader of the pro-Roman faction, was probably killed either during the Saxon uprising or this massacre.
456: [c.] St. Patrick leaves Britain once more to evangelise Ireland. Geoffrey of Monmouth tells us of a probably fictitious, but entirely believable, event in which Saxons massacre 300 leading British noblemen at a phony "peace" conference.
456: Oct 5, Theodoric II of the Visigoths, in the name of the emperor Avitus, defeats the Sueves on the river Urbicus near Astorga in Gallaecia; this shatters the power of the Sueves.
456: Oct 17, The magistri militum Ricimer and Majorian defeat the emperor Avitus, and compel him to renounce the purple and become Bishop of Placentia.
456: Capua is destroyed by the Vandals.
456: Ricimer beats the Vandals in a sea battle near Corsica.
456: Emperor Marcian quells disturbances on the Armenian frontier.
457: April 1 – Majorian is acclaimed emperor by the army.
457: December 28 – Majorian is crowned emperor.
457: February 7 – Leo I becomes emperor.
457: Childeric I succeeds Merovech as king of the Franks (or 458).
457: Hormizd III becomes king of Persia.
457: Peroz I rebels against his brother Hormizd III.
457: Victorius of Aquitania computes new tables for celebrating Easter.
457: Avitus is deposed and killed by magister militum Ricimer. Majorian Western Emperor
457: Skandagupta, Gupta Empire defeats the Huns (Ephthalites); 480, the empire collapses under their attacks
457: [c.] Prince Vortimer [Wurtgern] apparently rebels against the pro-Saxon policies of his father, Vortigern, and fights Hengest at the Battle of Crayford, 4,000 Britons are slain. Hengest is victorious and the British army flees back to London.
457: [c.] Death of Vortigern. Vitalinus (Guitolinus) new leader of pro-Celtic Pelagian faction. Battle of Aylesford (Kent) in which Ambrosius (Aurelianus), along with sons of Vortigern, Vortimer and Cateyrn, defeat Hengest for the first time.
457: [ASC 2] (Hengest & Æsc fought against Britons in the place which is called Crecganford (Crayford) and there slew 4000 men, and the Britons abandoned Kent and with great fear fled to London.)Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:04 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 457: Constatine I, began to reign as King of Scotland [Buchanan]
457: [-458] Childeric I succeeds Merovech as king of the Franks
458: [c.] Saxon uprising in full-swing. Hengest finally conquers Kent, in south-eastern Britain.
458: [-460] Full-scale migration of British aristocrats and city-dwellers across the English Channel to Brittany, in northwestern Gaul (the "second migration"). British contingent led by Riothamus (perhaps a title, not a name), thought by some to be the original figure behind the legends of Arthur.
460: [c.] Prince of Domnonée Riotham [Riothames]
460: Emperor Majorian is defeated by the Visigoths.
459: Vortigern [Vortimer is poisoned][?] is burnt to death being besieged by Ambrosius (Aurelianus) at Ganarew.
460: [-480] Vortigern (restored) as king reigned 20 yrs in Britain [HBR]
460: [-470] Ambrosius (Aurelianus) takes full control of pro-Roman faction and British resistance effort; leads Britons in years of back-and-forth fighting with Saxons. British strategy seems to have been to allow Saxon landings and to then contain them, there.
461: Majorian resigns as Emperor; shortly afterwards Libius Severus is declared emperor by Ricimer.
461: Pope Hilarius succeeds Pope Leo I as the 46th pope.
462: The Statue of Zeus is destroyed by fire after being moved to Constantinople.
463: Childeric I, king of the Salian Franks, allies with the Roman general Aegidius against the Visigoths.
464: Olybrius becomes a consul in Constantinople.
464: Supposed death of the legendary King Aldrien of Brittany.
464: Early Chief Cenél Conaill, Tír Conaill,Donegal NW Ireland . Conall Gulban mac Néill died
465: Basiliscus becomes a consul in the Eastern Roman Empire.
465: Libius Severus dies, possibly poisoned by Ricimer.
465: [c.] 'King' Arthur probably born around this time. Birth of St. Dyfrig also.
466: [ASC 3] [corrected from 465]: Battle of Wippedesfleot: Here Hengest and Æsc fought together against the Welsh (meaning 'foreigner': the manner in which the invaders referred to the Britons) near Wippedesfleot and there slew 12 Welsh leaders, and one of their thanes was slain, whose name was Wipped. [This battle is said to have resulted in much bloodshed and slaughter on both sides, to the extent that hostilities abated for a while; [as the ASC states] The [Saxons] are confined to the Isle of Thanet and there is a respite from fighting "for a long time." It is not known where Wippedesfleot (= "Wipped's tidal estuary") was.])
466: [c.] Battle of Wippedesfleot (or Richborough), in which [Britons defeat the Saxons] or [Saxons defeat Britons], but with great slaughter on both sides. Mutual "disgust and sorrow" results in a respite from fighting "for a long time."
466: [-473] Minimal Saxon activity. Refortification of hillforts and construction of the Wansdyke a possiblity
466: Eastern Roman Emperor Leo I repels the Hun invasion of Dacia.
466: Euric succeeds his brother Theodoric II as king of the Visigoths.
467: Anthemius becomes western emperor with the support of Leo I.
468: War against the Vandals by the joint forces of both Roman empires. Naval expedition ends in failure.
468: The Vandal fleet overpowers the navy of Leo I.
468: The Huns again invade Dacia and are once more repelled by Leo.
468: Pope Simplicius succeeds Pope Hilarius as the 47th pope.
469: Pope Gelasius I moves the pagan Feast of Lupercalia to Feb 14, dedicated St. Valentine's Day
469: Death of Dengizich, last Khan of the Hunnic Empire.
469: [c.] Roman emperor, Anthemius, appeals to Britons for military help against Visigoths. Reliable accounts by Sidonius Apolonaris and Jordanes name the leader of the 12,000 man British force, Riothamus. The bulk of the British force was wiped out in battle against Euric, the Visigothic king, and the survivors, including Riothamus, vanished and were never heard from, again.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:04 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 470: Riothamus, King of the Britons, helped the Roman Empire in Brittany against Visigoths.
470: [c.] Votadini peoples form the kingdom of Gododdin in the region north of the River Tweed.
470: Euric, king of the Visigoths, defeats attempted invasion of Gaul by the Celtic military leader Riothamus.
471: Theodoric the Great begins his rule as Ostrogothic king.
471: Acacius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
470: [c.] Battle of Wallop (Hampshire) where Ambrosius (Aurelianus) defeats Vitalinus, head of the opposing faction. Ambrosius (Aurelianus) assumes High-kingship of Britain.
471: [c.] The army of King Ceretic of Strathclyde raids the Irish Coast and carries off some of St. Patrick's new flock and sells them into slavery. The king receives a written repremand from the Irish Evangelist.
472: Relations between Emperor Anthemius and general Ricimer deteriorate completely.
472: Ricimer proclaims Olybrius emperor, and places Rome, where Anthemius is located, under siege.
472: Anthemius is captured and slain fleeing the city.
472: Mount Vesuvius erupts.
472: Ricimer kills Anthemius and makes Olybrius new western emperor. Both Ricimer and Olybrius die of natural causes. Gundobad becomes magister militum in Italy.
473: Men of Kent, under Hengest, move westward, driving Britons back before them "as one flees fire."
473: [ASC 4] (Hengest & Æsc fought against Welsh and took countless war-loot, the Welsh fled like fire.)
473: Gundobad becomes king of the Burgundians. Gundobad makes Glycerius new Western emperor.
474: January 18 – Leo II briefly becomes Eastern Roman emperor.
474: February 9 – Zeno is crowned as Eastern Roman co-emperor.
474: November 17 – The death of Leo II leaves Zeno sole Emperor of the Eastern Empire;
474: 45 years of conflict between the Roman Empire and the Vandals end.
474: The eastern Roman Emperor Zeno's envoys conclude a peace with King Geiseric.
474: [–491] Bede dates [Aurelius] Ambrosius' victory to the reign of the Emperor ZenoPosted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:05 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 474: Gundobad leaves Italy to take part in a succession struggle among the Burgundians. Glycerius is deposed by Julius Nepos who proclaims himself western emperor.
475: Julius Nepos forced to flee to Dalmatia by his magister militum Orestes. Orestes proclaims his own son Romulus Augustus as western emperor.
475: Flavius Orestes forces Western Emperor Julius Nepos flight, declares son, Romulus Augustus emperor.
475: Euric, king of the Visigoths, returns Provence to Rome in exchange for full independence.
475: January 9 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee from Constantinople.
475: January 12 – Basiliscus is acclaimed emperor in Constantinople.
475: The compilation of the Babylonian Talmud, the source of the majority of Jewish Halakha, is completed.
476: In India, mathematician Ayabhata writes of roots and powers of numbers.
476: The usurper Basiliscus is deposed and Zeno is restored as Eastern Roman Emperor.
476: [t.] Germanic general Odoacer kills Orestes, forces Romulus Augustus to abdicate and proclaims himself King of Italy. Fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire becomes the Byzantine Empire.
476: Aug 28: Romulus Augustus, last Western Roman Emperor is forced to abdicate by Odoacer, a chieftain of the Germanic Heruli; Odoacer returns the imperial regalia to Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno in Constantinople in return for the title of dux of Italy; most frequently cited date for the end of ancient history.
476: [t.] Last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, deposed by Odovacar, end Western Roman Empire
476: [-487] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Dallán mac Breasal
477: Huneric becomes king of Vandals.
477: Saxon chieftain, Aelle, lands on Sussex coast with his sons. Britons engage him upon landing but his superior force besieges them at Pevensey and drives them into the Weald. Over next nine years, Saxon coastal holdings are gradually expanded in Sussex.
477: [c.] [ASC 5] (Here Ælle came to Britain and [with him] his 3 sons Cymen & Wlencing & Cissa, with 3 ships to the place which is named Cymenesora [Cymenshore][probably now The Owers, rocks off Selsey in West Sussex ], and there slew many Welsh & drove some in flight into the wood [the Weald]which is called Andredesleag [Andred'sley][= The Weald ].)[10]
477: Aelle, king of the South Saxons, arrives in England, with his three sons,near Cymenshore.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:05 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 478: Verina, mother-in-law, emperor Zeno, attempts to kill Isaurian general Illus for turning against Basiliscus
478: Marcian & Ostrogoth warlord Theodoric Strabo revolt, but Illus proves his loyalty to Zeno by quashing it
479: Congallus I, began to reign as King of Scotland [Buchanan]
480: Assassination of Julius Nepos, the last de jure Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, in Dalmatia.
480: Odoacer defeats an attempt by Julius Nepos to recapture Italy, and has Julius killed.
480: Odoacer captures Dalmatia.
480: Ireland: The Diocese of Connor is erected.
480: Julius Nepos, still claiming to be emperor, is killed in Dalmatia.
480: [c.] Vita Germani, the Life of St. Germanus, written by a continental biographer, Constantius.
480: [-514] Dumnonian king related by Welsh records, Geraint Llyngesic ab Erbin (Gerren the Fleet Owner)
480: [-501] [HBR] [Aurelius] Ambrosius reigned 21 yrs in Britain
480: [c.] (75th) [HBR] Arthur. Certainly the most glamorous of all the British kings, and the main subject of Geoffrey's Hisioria. Arthur succeeded to the crown at only 15 years of age. After an eventful reign, he died in the year 542 AD.
480: King Erbin of Dumnonia abdicates in favour of his son, King Gerren Llygesoc. Death of King Glywys of Glywysing. His kingdom is divided into Gwynllwg, Penychen, Gorfynedd, Edeligion and others.
481: [-482] Clovis I becomes king of the Western Franks upon the death of Childeric I.
482: Byzantine emperor Zeno [attempts] to reconcile differences between Chalcedonian and Monophysitism.
482: [–500] Early historic king of Connacht. Dauí Tenga Uma Uí Briúin
482: [ASC] This year the blessed Abbot Benedict shone in this world, by the splendour of those virtues which the blessed Gregory records in the book of Dialogues.
483: King of Leinster Crimthann mac Énnai, died
483: General Illus and Verina fail to overthrow Zeno and place a general named Leontius on the throne.
483: March 13 – Pope Felix III succeeds Pope Simplicius as the 48th pope.
484: December 28 – Alaric II succeeds Euric as king of the Visigoths.
484: Gunthamund becomes king of the Vandals ... proclaims the Burgundian Code
484: Hephthalites invade Persia, and Peroz I is killed in battle; Balash becomes king of Persia.
484: The Nvarsak Treaty is concluded between the Persians and Armenians.
484: Pope Felix III [excommunications lead to 35 yrs of] schism between east and west. (Acacian schism).
485: Birth of St. Samson.
485: King of Leinster Fincath mac Garrchu, died
485: [c.] Snyder's suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
485: [-520] I. Wood's suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
485: [-496] Period of Arthur's "twelve battles" during which he gains reputation for invincibility.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:06 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 485: [ASC 6] (Ælle fought against Welsh near the margin of Mearcrædesburna [Mecred's- Burnsted] [= Mearcræd's stream].)
486: Aelle and his sons overreach their normal territory and are engaged by Britons at battle of Mercredesburne. Battle is bloody, but indecisive, and ends with both sides pledging friendship.
486: The Battle of Mercredesburne is fought between Aelle's army and the Britons. The battle ended in a draw.
486: Roman rule in Gaul ends with the defeat at Soissons of the Roman Syagrius by the Franks under Clovis I.
486: The land between the Loire and the Somme becomes a part of the Frankish realm.
487: [-503] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Duach mac Dallán
487: Birth of St. David.
488: The Gepids capture Belgrade.
488: Kavadh I succeeds Balash in Persia.
488: Theodoric the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths.
488: Hengist dies and is succeeded by his son Oisc as king of Kent.
488: [ASC] This year Esc succeeded to the kingdom; and was king of the men of Kent twenty-four winters.
488: [-514] Ælle of Sussex
489: Theodoric continues his invasion of Italy with the approval of Byzantine emperor Zeno.
489: August 28 – Theodoric defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy.
489: September 27 – Battle of Verona: Odoacer attacks Theodoric again, and is defeated a second time.
490: [-409] M. Wood's suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
490: April 1 – The majority of Odoacer's army surrenders to Theodoric the Great in Milan.
490: August 11 – Battle of Adda: Theodoric fends off a sally from Odoacer.
490: Euphemius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
490: [c.] Battle of Mount Badon. According to legend, British forces led by Arthur defeat the invading Saxons.
490: [c.] Hengest dies. His son, Aesc, takes over and rules for 34 years. Death of Einion Yrth of Gwynedd. His kingdom is divided into Gwynedd and Rhos. St. Cybi Felyn is born in Callington in Cerniw.
490: [-491][ASC 7] This year Ella and Cissa besieged the city of Andred [Andredescester] [now Pevensey ], and slew all that were therein; nor was one Briten left there afterwards.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:07 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 491: Aelle of Sussex besieges and conquers the fortified town of Anderitum in southern Britain.
491: King Clovis I defeats and subjugates the Kingdom of Thuringia in Germany.
491: April 11 – Anastasius I becomes emperor.
492: March 1 – Pope Gelasius I succeeds Pope Felix III as the 49th pope.
492: Eastern Rome, Isaurian War: beginning of the revolt of the Isaurians against Anastasius I.
493: A large army of Saxons, under the command of Ælla, and his three sons, Cymenus, Pleting, and Cissa, encamped on Lansdown, and laid siege to Bath. At this period the heroic Arthur was performing wonders in favour of his countrymen. Apprized of the operations of the Saxon general, he hastened after him, attacked, and defeated him in a bloody and obstinate battle. About twenty-seven years afterwards, he again delivered Bath from the assaults of these ferocious invaders, by defeating a powerful army, on which occasion he is said to have slain four hundred and forty men with his own hand.
493: Bede's suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
493: Theodoric the Ostrogoth ousts Odoacer to become king of Italy.
493: Feb 25, Odoacer agrees to mediated peace with Theodoric the Great, who later kills him personally.
493: Theodoric becomes king of the Ostrogoths and moves the capital to Ravenna.
493: Death of St. Patrick, in Glastonbury according to local legend. Down Patrick seems more likely.
493: Mar, The Battle for the Body of St. Patrick fought between the Ui Neill Dynasty and Airgialla.
493: The Frankish king Clovis I marries the Burgundian princess Clotilde.
493: The Roman general Diogenianus besieges Claudiopolis, but his army is blocked by the Isaurians.
493: John Gibbo wins an overwhelming victory against the Isaurians.
493 Ostrogothic Kingdom founded in Italy by Theodoric.
494: Pope Gelasius I delineates the relationship between church and state.
494: [-497] Morris' suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
494: Gelasius canonizes Saint George. The Lupercalia festival is replaced by Candlemas.
494: Northern Gaul is united under Frankish King Clovis I, founder of the Merovingian dynasty.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:07 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 495: (72nd) [HBR] Paschent. Vortigern's third son by his first wife, Paschent fled to Germany where he raised an army of mercenaries to invade and defeat [Aurelius] Ambrosius (73). This invasion failed, and Paschent then fled to Ireland. Raising another army, he was killed at the subsequent battle of Menevia by Utherpendragon.
495. This year came two leaders into Britain, Cerdic and Cynric his son, with five ships, at a place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And they fought with the Welsh the same day. Then he died, and his son Cynric succeeded to the government, and held it six and twenty winters.
495: [c.] The Germanic King Cerdic and his son, Cynric, land somewhere on the south coast, probably near the Hampshire-Dorset border. Their followers establish the beginnings of the Kingdom of Wessex. King Gwynllyw of Gwynllwg carries off Princess Gwladys of Brycheiniog. War between the two kingdoms narrowly avoided by the intercession of the legendary Arthur. The couple marry.
496: [c.] The Siege of Mount Badon. Britons, under overall command of [Aurelius] Ambrosius and battlefield command of the "war leader" Arthur, defeat Saxons, under King Esla of Bernicia and possibly Cerdic of Wessex.
496: Battle of Tolbiac: Clovis I defeats the Alamanni, and is baptized into the Catholic faith at Rheims.
496: Thrasamund becomes king of the Vandals.
496: Kavadh I of Persia is deposed and exiled by his brother Djamasp.
496: November 24 – Pope Anastasius II succeeds Pope Gelasius I as the 50th pope.
496: Pope Gelasius I issues a list of banned books.
496: [-550] Following the victory at Mt. Badon, the Saxon advance is halted with the invaders returning to their own enclaves. A generation of peace ensues. Corrupt leadership, more civil turmoil, public forgetfulness and individual apathy further erode Romano-British culture over next fifty years, making Britain ripe for final Saxon "picking."Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:08 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 497 - Birth of St. Cadog. Death of King Erbin of Dumnonia.
497: Isaurian War: the Isaurian rebels are defeated.
497: The Alemanni are defeated by the Franks under Clovis I near Bonn.
497: An Indian astronomer and mathematician, Aryabhata, calculates pi (p) as ˜ 62832/20000 = 3.1416.
498: Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I reforms monetary system, using Greek numerals instead of Roman.
498: November 22 – Pope Symmachus succeeds Pope Anastasius II as the 51st pope.
499: Kavadh I of Persia deposes his brother Djamasp and restores himself as king of Persia.
500: [c.] Dumville's suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
500: [c.] Angles colonised the North Sea and Humber coastal areas, particularly around Holderness.
500: Possible date for the Battle of Mons Badonicus: Romano-British and Celts defeat an Anglo-Saxon army that may have been led by the bretwalda Aelle of Sussex or possibly Cerdic of Wessex (approximate date; suggested dates range from 490 to 517). This battle may have influenced the legend of King Arthur.
500: Possible date at which Fergus Mór begins his reign – the historicity of Mór is doubtful.
500: Approximate beginning of the Heptarchy period in the history of England.
500: Approximate year of the founding of the Kingdom of Essex.
500: The Frankish Kingdom is formed.
500: The monument of Ale's Stones is built in Sweden (approximate date).
500: Burial in catacombs ends (approximate date).
500: Traders from southern Arabia settle in northern Ethiopia.
500: Indian epic poem, the Ramayana, is written.
500: Greek and Latin versions of the New Testament in the Codex Bezae.
500: [-520] Prince of Domnonée Riwal Deroc/Ferox 'the Obstinate/Arrogant'
500: [-542] Early historic king of Connacht. Eógan Bél Uí FiachrachPosted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:08 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 500: [-550] Spread of Celtic monasticism throughout Europe
500: [-517] King Cadwallon Lawhir expels the Irish from Anglesey.
501: Goranus or Conramus, began to reign as King of Scotland [Buchanan]
501: [c.] The Battle of Llongborth (probably Portsmouth), where a great British chieftain, Geraint, King of Dumnonia, was killed. Arthur is mentioned in a Welsh poem commemorating the battle.
501: [ASC] This year Porta and his two sons, Beda and Mela, came into Britain, with two ships, at a place called Portsmouth. They soon landed, and slew on the spot a young Briton of very high rank.
501: [ASC 8] (Here Port and his 2 sons Bieda and Mægla came to Britain with 2 ships to the place which is called Portsmouth and slew a young British man, a very noble man. [But this may be an old fiction, as a folk-etymology to explain the placename Ports-mouth.] )
501: Pope Symmachus, accused of various crimes by secular authorities who supported an ecclesiastical opponent, asserted the secular ruler had no jurisdiction over him. A synod held in 502 confirmed that view.
502: October 23 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, clears Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.
502: [-506] Anastasian War
502: War breaks out between the Byzantine Empire and Persia.
502: The Persian philosopher Mazdak declares private property to be the source of all evil.
503: The Scots leave Ireland and build their kingdom of Dalriada in Argyll on the West coast of Scotland
504: Theodoric the Great defeats the Gepids as the Ostrogoths sack Belgrade.
504: Theodoric the Great builds Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo, dedicated to Christ the Redeemer.
506: The Byzantine Empire and Persia accept a peace agreement based on status quo.
506: The city of Dara in Mesopotamia is fortified by emperor Anastasius I as a frontier against Persia.
506: The Breviary of Alaric, a collection of Roman law, is compiled.
506: September 10 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
507: Battle of Vouillé: Clovis I defeats the Visigoths near Poitiers, ending their power in Gaul.
507: Gesalec succeeds his father Alaric II as king of the Visigoths.
507: Wooden coffins and wooden tools are used in the burial places of the Alemanni.
507: The first and smaller of the two Buddhas of Bamyan is erected in central Afghanistan.
507 The Franks under Clovis defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouillé, forcing them to retreat into Spain.
508: [ASC 9] Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and 5000 men with him.
508: The land named Natanleag was renamrd Cerdicesford [North and South Charford ]
508: Clovis I establishes Paris (Lutetia) as his capital.
508: Clovis I makes Roman Catholicism the official religion of the Frankish Kingdom.
508: All the rivers in England are frozen for more than two months.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:09 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 508: [ASC] This year Cerdic and Cynric slew a British king, whose name was Natanleod, and five thousand men with him. After this was the land named Netley, from him, as far as Charford.
508 - Cerdic begins to move inland and defeats British king Natanleod near present-day Southampton.
509: [ASC] This year St. Benedict, the abbot, father of all the monks, (16) ascended to heaven.
510: Indian astronomer Aryabhata refers to the zero and place values.
511: Riots erupt in Antioch between supporters of Patriarch Flavian II and emperor Anastasius I.
511: On the death of king Gesalec, Theodoric the Great assumes the regency of the Visigothic kingdom.
511: Macedonius II is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople, and replaced by Timothy I.
511: King Clovis I of the Franks convenes the First Council of Orléans.
511: The convent of St. Césaire is built in Arles.
511: The Frankish Kingdom is split in four after the death of Clovis I: Childebert I becomes king of Paris, Clotaire I king of Soissons, Chlodomer king of Orléans, and Theuderic I king of Rheims and Austrasia.
511: Aryabhata, an Indian inventor and a mathematician came up with concepts of mathematical equations, one of which explained the rotation of the earth on its axis. This concept was far ahead of its time but he was fairly accurate in his description of it. He also came up with a lot of other ideas about the solar system but many of them were flawed because he considered the earth to be the center of the solar system, not the sun. Aryabhata is often given credit for coming up with the number zero and using it as a placeholder.
512: Emperor Anastasius I ends period of moderate eclectic policy, strongly favors own monophysitist beliefs.
512: The island nation of Usan-guk is conquered by the Korean Silla Dynasty general Lee Sabu.
512: Mount Vesuvius erupts again in southeastern Italy on the Mediterranean coast.
513: The Revolt of Vitalian breaks out in the East Roman Empire.
513: Vigorus becomes bishop of Bayeux.
514: July 20 – Pope Hormisdas succeeds Pope Symmachus as the 52nd pope.
514: [–530] Dumnonian king related by Welsh records, Cado ap GerrenPosted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:09 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 514: [ASC] This year came the West-Saxons into Britain, with three ships, at the place that is called Cerdic's-ore. And Stuff and Wihtgar fought with the Britons, and put them to flight.
515: [c.] Death of Aelle. Kingdom of Sussex passed to his son, Cissa and his descendents, but over time, diminished into insignificance.
515: The Revolt of Vitalian is subdued by forces loyal to Byzantine emperor Anastasius I
515: Battle of Mons Badonicus. The West Saxon advance is halted by Britons.
516: Annales Cambriae's suggested date for Battle of Badon [Mons Badonicus]
516: Sigismund, son of Gundobad, becomes king of Burgundy.
516: November 6 – The Council of Tarragona is held.
517: Sigismund of Burgundy is opposed by his son; he later has his son strangled.
517: Bishops of southern Gaul convene the Council of Epaon.
517: John of Cappadocia becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
517: Aryabhata compiles his manual of astronomy.
517: [-541] Semi-historic king of Uí Maine, Connacht. Feradhach mac Lughaidh
518: Future Byzantine emperor Justinian becomes consul.
518: Sep 29, Severus, Patriarch of Antioch, deposed for Monophysitism. Paul I is appointed to replace him.
519: Cerdic becomes king of Wessex.
519: Synagogues of Ravenna are burnt down; Theodoric the Great orders them rebuilt at Ravenna's expense.
519: The Eastern and Western churches are temporarily reconciled with the end of the Acacian schism.
519: Jacob of Serugh becomes bishop of Batnan.
519: The Memoirs of Eminent Monks is compiled.
519: In Ireland, the Diocese of Kildare is erected.
519: Kingdom of the West Saxons (Wessex) founded with Cerdic its first ruler.
519: [ASC] This year Cerdic and Cynric undertook the government of the West-Saxons; the same year they fought with the Britons at a place now called Charford. From that day have reigned the children of the West-Saxon kings.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:10 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 520: Ostrogothic ruler Theodoric the Great builds the Mausoleum of Theodoric as his future tomb in Ravenna.
520: The kingdom of East Anglia is formed (approximate date).
520: The great Latin grammarian Priscian writes his Institutiones grammaticae.
520: February 20 – Epiphanius is elected Patriarch of Constantinople.
520: The construction of Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, is started (approximate date).
520: The start of Western monasticism will keep learning alive in Christian Europe.
520: [-530] Prince of Domnonée Deroc II
521: Ma`adikarib Ya`fur conducts a military campaign in Mesopotamia.
521: Samson of Dol is ordained as a bishop in Brittany.
521: Ecclesius becomes a Bishop of Ravenna.
521: Boëthius introduces Greek musical letter notation to the West.
521: Boethius' On Music will be Western standard for 1,000 years.
522: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius is imprisoned on charges of conspiring against Theodoric the Great.
522: Amalaric becomes king of the Visigoths.
522: Yusuf dhu-Nuwas captures power in Yemen.
523: Justinian, later Byzantine emperor, marries Theodora.
523: Hilderic becomes king of the Vandals.
523: Leptis Magna is sacked by Berber raiders.
523: August 13 – Pope John I succeeds Pope Hormisdas as the 53rd pope.
524: June 25 – Battle of Vézeronce: The Franks defeat the Burgundians.
524: Childebert I annexes Orléans and Chartres after the death of Chlodomer.
524: Boethius writes the Consolation of Philosophy (approximate date).
524: Awaiting execution, Bo‘thius writes The Consolation of Philosophy in prison.
525: Dionysius' Exiguus incorrectly dates birth of Jesus.
525: Byzantine emperor Justin I rebuilds Anazarbus and renames it Justinopolis.
525: Dionysius Exiguus proposes a calendar based on the birth of Jesus Christ.
525: Bernicia is settled by the Angles.
525: Caleb of Abyssinia conquers Yemen.
525: Dionysius Exiguus produces his tables for computing the date of Easter.
525: Constance becomes a bishop's see.
525: The Arian Baptistery of S. Maria is built in Cosmedin, Ravenna.
525: Buddhist caves are found at Ajanta with stone carvings.
525: [c.] Dumnagual Hen was a ruler of the Brythonic kingdom of Alt Clut, Strathclyde
525: [c.] Dumnagual Hen an important ancestor figure for kingly lines in Hen OgleddPosted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:10 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 525: The Daisan river, a tributary of the Euphrates, floods Edessa, and within a couple of hours fills the entire city, except for the highest parts. Eventually the pent-up waters break through the city walls. The Shroud of Turin is allegedly discovered during the rebuilding of the city (see Image of Edessa).
525: [-550] Vortiporius appears in the Irish genealogy given in the 8th-century work, The Expulsion of the Déisi, with his name given as Gartbuir. The pedigree given in the Harleian MS. 5389 (written c. 1100) is nearly identical, with his name given as Guortepir. In the Jesus College MS. 20 he is Gwrdeber. The genealogy in Expulsion says he was a descendant of Eochaid Allmuir (English: Eochaid the Foreigner [literally (from) Overseas])
526: Athalaric succeeds Theodoric as king of the Ostrogoths (under regentship of Theoderic's daughter Amalaswintha), and Amalaric becomes king of the Visigoths in his own name.
526: [-547] Sanctuary apse's mosaic showing Christ enthroned and flanked by Saint Vitalis and Bishop Ecclesius, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, is made.
526: [-532] Iberian War
526: The Tomb of Theodoric is built in Ravenna.
526: Ecclesius, Bishop of Ravenna, commissions two new churches, for Ravenna and one for its port, Classis.
527: April 1 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
526: Between May 20 and May 29 – An earthquake kills approximately 250,000 in Syria and Antioch.
526: July 12 – Pope Felix IV succeeds Pope John I as the 54th pope.
527: The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, is rebuilt until 565.
527: King of Leinster Illan mac Dúnlainge, died
527: [-535] King of Leinster Ailill mac Dúnlainge
527: Cerdic of Wessex and his son Cynric of Wessex defeat the Britons at Chearsley.
527: [ASC] This year Cerdic and Cynric fought with the Britons in the place that is called Cerdic's-ley.
527: The Kingdom of Essex is founded when the Saxons land north of the Thames and take control of the land between what is now London and St Albans. This is the last Saxon group to form a settlement here (approximate date).
527: August 1 Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor. Justinian is best remembered for his Code of Civil Law (529), and expansion of imperial territory retaking Rome from the Ostrogoths.Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:11 PM by KillCarneyKlansman - 528: February 13 – Justinian appoints a commission (including the jurist Tribonian) to codify all imperial laws that were still in force from Hadrian to the current date. (This becomes the Corpus Juris Civilis.)
528: Natural disaster: Earthquake strikes Antioch, killing 1000s, fire destroys Great Church, Constantine I.
528: Yasodharman of Malwa defeats the Hun invaders in India.
529: Apr 7, The first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) issued by Justinian I.
529: The Samaritans revolt and are defeated; the Church of the Nativity is burnt down during the revolt.
529: Benedict of Nursia founds monastery at Monte Cassino. The first of twelve monasteries founded by Saint Benedict, beginning the Order of Saint Benedict.
529: The Canons of the Council of Orange are established, approving the Augustinian doctrine of sin and grace over Pelagianism and Semi-Pelagianism, but without Augustine's absolute predestination.
529: Justinian prohibits pagans from holding positions in public education. As a result the Academy at Athens, founded by Plato in 387 BC, is closed. Many professors go to Persia and Syria.
529: [-534] Justinian I publishes the Code of Civil Law. This compiled centuries of legal writings and imperial pronouncements into three parts of one body of law.
530: [ASC] This year Cerdic and Cynric took the isle of Wight, and slew many men in Carisbrook.
530: Dec 15, Justinian I's 2nd commission codify's writings of jurists on Roman Law. Pandects (Digest).
530: Tribonian becomes quaestor sacri palatii.
530: Hilderic, king of the Vandals and Alans, is deposed by his cousin Gelimer.
530: St. Brendan climbs to the top of Mount Brandon, to look for The Americas.
530: Battle of Dara: Belisarius and Hermogenes defeat the Sassanid Persians in a major battle.
530: Battle of Dara: blunts a Persian offensive into Roman Mesopotamia.
530: Battle of Satala: Eastern Romans under Sittas defeat a major Persian invasion into Roman Armenia.
530: Mosaic synagogue floor, from Maon (Menois) is made. Israel Museum, Jerusalem (approximate date).
530: Vishnu Temple at Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, is built. Post-Gupta period (approximate date).
530: September 22 – Pope Boniface II succeeds Pope Felix IV as the 55th pope.
530: [–560] Dumnonian king related by Welsh records, Custennin ap Cado (probably Saint Custennin)
530: Prince of Domnonée Jonas m. dau. of Budig II King of the Bretons
530: Jonas (ap Deroch) King of the Bretons raises the principality to a kingdom
530: The principality of Domnonée became the centre of the Breton kingdom
530: [-540] Mass migration of Celtic monks to Brittany (the "third migration").Posted May 2nd, 2012 at 03:11 PM by KillCarneyKlansman
