To a Greek hoplite, there may be no more fearful site, than that of the lambda blazon. Called episema (επισημα) by the Greeks, the art of painting a shield with an emblem for identification was already centuries old by the time the Spartans were to have adopted the lambda, or upside down V, as a
state symbol in 418 bc [1 pg 28]. Prior to this, individual warriors would have personal symbols, such as a scorpion, gorgon, Heraclean club, painted on their shields. In one such case, a warrior was said...