If anything identifies Freud as an innovative thinker it is his claim that there is an 'unconscious' mind which importantly can be observed and understood using scientific methods - of which, more later. Many other thinkers such as William James had already used the term but had made only passing reference to it - in discussions of sleepwalking, hypnotic suggestion and so on - as though it were one of those inscrutable facts of nature, which, whilst an interesting and fundamental component of the...