Who were the best Muslim generals in your Opinion?

Who was the best Muslim General in your opinion?


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Joined May 2023
7,147 Posts | 2,691+
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I think some great Islamic generals were:
Saviour of the Ottoman Empire. Fought in the Crimean War
Crossed the world's biggest desert and destroyed the Songhai Empire
Notable foe of the Mongols and Crusaders
Ruler of Songhai. Built the biggest empire in the region
Conqueror of Constantinople. Had to vie with Uzun Hasan and Vlad the Impaler
Tactical Innovator from the early 20th century
The conqueror and defender of Jerusalem. The tactics displayed by his army strike me as something special
Mughal emperor. Notable general before becoming emperor who won a heck of a lot of land.
Founder of the Safavid Empire and enemy of Selim Yavuz
Victor of Qadissiyah
Rashidun general who conquered Jerusalem and Egypt and was the top general under Muawiyah
First Ottoman caliph. Defeated Safavids and Mamlukes
Greatest general of the Abbasid revolution. Defeated the Tang Chinese at the battle of Talas
The second Genghis Khan. Fought Toktamysh of Russia, Bayezid I of the Ottomans, captured Delhi and invented Tamerlane chess
If Tamerlane was the second Genghis Khan, Nadir was the third. Restored and then overthrew the Safavids, brought the Mughal Empire to its knees, fought the Ottomans and looted the Kohinoor
The list isn't ordered, but I had to put the greatest at the end. Sayfullah Khalid fought and won 70 battles in 8 years. He was literally demoted out of fear that people would start worshipping him! He captured the holy city of Jerusalem and won the battle of Yarmuk. He took on the great generals Heraclius and Rustam and was never defeated. His greatest weapon was psychological warfare, but he also did the cranes wing formation, Fabian strategy (sort of) and everything in between. Flank attack, three pronged attack, four pronged attack, Cannae manoeuvre... his conquests were not only the spread of the massive religion of Islam, but also the spread of one of history's most advanced civilizations.
 
Joined Dec 2009
5,364 Posts | 1,122+
Blachernai
Somehow Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin never shows up on these lists. I was really impressed by his competence in al-Tabari's account of the Azerbaijan campaigns in the 830s, with his great attention to cautiously wearing down a foe fighting with guerrilla tactics. And he was also capable of pitched battles and sieges, as the 838 campaign against Byzantium reveals.
 
Joined Jun 2012
15,528 Posts | 2,868+
Malaysia
Last edited:
No Mahmud al- Ghaznavi? He was basically the guy who first Islamised the Peshawar-Punjab region now part of today's Pakistan, I think.

And what about Alp Arslan, the victor at Manzikert. And also his uncle Toghrul, the ground paver of Seljuk power in Abbasid empire.
 
Joined Nov 2010
14,406 Posts | 4,143+
Cornwall
Almanzor, military (and political) machine:


Campaigns of Almanzor
9771. Baños de Ledesma2. Cuéllar3. Salamanca9784. Pla de Barcelona and Tarragona5. Ledesma9796. Zamora7. Sepúlveda8. Maghreb9809. Medinaceli10. Almunia98111. Canales de la Sierra12. Rota de los Maafiríes13. Calatayud14. Zamora15. Trancoso98216. 'The three nations'17. Toro and León98318. Simancas19. Salamanca20. Sacramenia98421. Zamora22. Sepúlveda98523. Barcelona24. Algeciras98625. Zamora, Salamanca and León26. Condeixa and Coimbra98727. Coimbra28. Coimbra98829. Portillo30. Zamora and Toro31. Astorga98932. Osma99033. Toro34. Osma and Alcubilla del Marqués35. Montemor-o-Velho99236. Castile37. Kingdom of Pamplona99338. Al Marakib39. San Esteban de Gormaz40. al-Agar99441. San Esteban de Gormaz, Pamplona and Clunia42. Astorga and León99543. Castile44. Batrisa45. Monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas46. Aguiar99647. Astorga99748. Santiago de Compostela99849. Maghreb99950. Pamplona51. Pallars100052. Cervera100153. Montemor-o-Velho54. Pamplona55. Baños de Rioja100256. Canales de la Sierra and San Millán de la Cogolla
Según Echevarría Arsuaga pp. 243–245, Molina pp. 238–263 y Martínez Díez.
 
Joined May 2023
7,147 Posts | 2,691+
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Almanzor, military (and political) machine:


Campaigns of Almanzor
9771. Baños de Ledesma2. Cuéllar3. Salamanca9784. Pla de Barcelona and Tarragona5. Ledesma9796. Zamora7. Sepúlveda8. Maghreb9809. Medinaceli10. Almunia98111. Canales de la Sierra12. Rota de los Maafiríes13. Calatayud14. Zamora15. Trancoso98216. 'The three nations'17. Toro and León98318. Simancas19. Salamanca20. Sacramenia98421. Zamora22. Sepúlveda98523. Barcelona24. Algeciras98625. Zamora, Salamanca and León26. Condeixa and Coimbra98727. Coimbra28. Coimbra98829. Portillo30. Zamora and Toro31. Astorga98932. Osma99033. Toro34. Osma and Alcubilla del Marqués35. Montemor-o-Velho99236. Castile37. Kingdom of Pamplona99338. Al Marakib39. San Esteban de Gormaz40. al-Agar99441. San Esteban de Gormaz, Pamplona and Clunia42. Astorga and León99543. Castile44. Batrisa45. Monastery of San Román de Entrepeñas46. Aguiar99647. Astorga99748. Santiago de Compostela99849. Maghreb99950. Pamplona51. Pallars100052. Cervera100153. Montemor-o-Velho54. Pamplona55. Baños de Rioja100256. Canales de la Sierra and San Millán de la Cogolla
Según Echevarría Arsuaga pp. 243–245, Molina pp. 238–263 y Martínez Díez.
he sounds interesting, but I don't really know much about him. Thank you for the list of campaigns
 
Joined May 2023
7,147 Posts | 2,691+
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Somehow Khaydhar ibn Kawus al-Afshin never shows up on these lists. I was really impressed by his competence in al-Tabari's account of the Azerbaijan campaigns in the 830s, with his great attention to cautiously wearing down a foe fighting with guerrilla tactics. And he was also capable of pitched battles and sieges, as the 838 campaign against Byzantium reveals.
Sounds interesting. I guess I'll have to read up on him one of these days
 
Joined May 2023
7,147 Posts | 2,691+
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No Mahmud al- Ghaznavi? He was basically the guy who first Islamised the Peshawar-Punjab region now part of today's Pakistan, I think.

And what about Alp Arslan, the victor at Manzikert. And also his uncle Toghrul, the ground paver of Seljuk power in Abbasid empire.
How could I forget these guys????? Yeah they were brilliant. Jalal al Din Menguberdi was another great I didn't put on my list
 
Joined Nov 2010
14,406 Posts | 4,143+
Cornwall
he sounds interesting, but I don't really know much about him. Thank you for the list of campaigns

He basically manouvred himself into being dictator of the Caliphate of Cordoba when it was at it's most powerful and terrifying. Nearly all of those raids were into the small and fairly helpless Christian states of time - helpless in the face of his immense and powerful standing army of 60-70000 (a few into North Africa). Here's a couple I made earlier :)


 
Joined Aug 2021
15,042 Posts | 10,411+
Italia
I wouldn't really consider Abd el Krim and Osman Nuri Pasha as they are famous for one battle/campaign. Still, Osman Nuri Pasha really distinguished himself against great odds. That said i think that in the 19th century Ibrahim Pasha and Omer Lutfi Pasha were more impressive. Also if you want great guerrilla/anti-colonial leaders, Abd el Qader and Imam Shamil are probably the best options.
 
Joined Aug 2021
15,042 Posts | 10,411+
Italia
I can't help but notice that you have Ismail I and Aurangzeb but not Abbas the Great, Akbar the Great and Babur. Also Suleyman and Murad II should be added to complete the great Ottomans with Selim and Mehmet II.
 
Joined Aug 2021
15,042 Posts | 10,411+
Italia
I would also include Yusef ibn Tashfin, Quayba ibn Muslim, Ala al-Din Khilji, Muhammad Shah I and Amhed Shah Durrani.
 
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Joined Aug 2021
15,042 Posts | 10,411+
Italia
Also i'm curious, why did you include Askia the Great in your initial list but not Sunni Ali? You think that the former was better?
 
Joined Jun 2012
15,528 Posts | 2,868+
Malaysia
I personally would also give some credit to Saif al-Din Qutuz. Someone correct me if I am wrong, but I would have considered him as the major architect of the Egyptian Mamluk victory over the Mongols at Ain Jalut.

He has also been credited for beating the Crusaders of the 7th Crusades, as far as I have read and understood it.
 
Joined Aug 2021
15,042 Posts | 10,411+
Italia
I personally would also give some credit to Saif al-Din Qutuz. Someone correct me if I am wrong, but I would have considered him as the major architect of the Egyptian Mamluk victory over the Mongols at Ain Jalut.

He has also been credited for beating the Crusaders of the 7th Crusades, as far as I have read and understood it.
He was the overall commander but i think that Baybars should be considered the one that did the most for the victory, or at least 50/50.
 
Joined Aug 2021
15,042 Posts | 10,411+
Italia
Talking of crusades. Nuraddin Zengi is also worthy of consideration.
 
Joined May 2023
7,147 Posts | 2,691+
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I wouldn't really consider Abd el Krim and Osman Nuri Pasha as they are famous for one battle/campaign. Still, Osman Nuri Pasha really distinguished himself against great odds. That said i think that in the 19th century Ibrahim Pasha and Omer Lutfi Pasha were more impressive. Also if you want great guerrilla/anti-colonial leaders, Abd el Qader and Imam Shamil are probably the best options.
I'm reading a book on Imam Shamil. I don't think I should feel comfortable judging him until I finish the book
 
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Joined May 2023
7,147 Posts | 2,691+
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I can't help but notice that you have Ismail I and Aurangzeb but not Abbas the Great, Akbar the Great and Babur. Also Suleyman and Murad II should be added to complete the great Ottomans with Selim and Mehmet II.
I don't know much about Abbas, but he sounds interesting and I'm doing some research on him :). Akbar and Babur don't stand out to me as much as say, Selim Yavuz. They no doubt deserve places, but we can't have them all on the list. I might revise the list to add Almanzor, Menguberdi etc. You have a point about the Ottomans
 
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