I am looking for examples of formal militaries (not guerrilla groups or other paramilitaries) during the 20th century who included illiterate officers in their ranks. I know that in China during the 1920s, many warlord soldiers and officers could not read or write. In fact, one of the most successful warlords of the period (Zhang Zuolin) was an illiterate ex-bandit.
Also I have heard that, in the very early years of the Manchukuo military, some officers brought over from the northern Chinese army were illiterate, and the Manchukuo army had secretaries to handle writing for them until literate replacements could be brought in.
Does anyone know of other examples?
Also I have heard that, in the very early years of the Manchukuo military, some officers brought over from the northern Chinese army were illiterate, and the Manchukuo army had secretaries to handle writing for them until literate replacements could be brought in.
Does anyone know of other examples?