Daily Dose of Archaeology: 5.0

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It just reminds me of some huddled body found on some Aegean island some decades ago with a penetrating wound to the chest, and National Geographic magazine decided to run with a "Human Sacrifice in the Bronze Age" angle on it, including lots of references to Agamemnon and Abraham, but zero other evidence, when it could just as easily have been some dirty deed done in the dark and dumped in a hole.
"Some decades ago" I read a national geographic article about a ruined building in Crete, I think, from Minoan or Mycenean era. Archaeologists found two skeletons in a building collapsed by an earthquake. And one skeleton seemed to be lying on an altar and it was said to be a human sacrifice. Maybe that was the thing you remember.
 
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The Great Green

I read that often the irrigation started a 1000 years or so before urbanization of the region. Do you know if the city followed this pattern or was the city founded in the 6th century BC?
 
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3,500-year-old city that linked Andes to coast discovered in Peru​


Archaeologists on Thursday unveiled a 3,500-year-old city in Peru that likely served as a trading hub linking Pacific coast cultures with those in the Andes and Amazon, flourishing around the same time as early civilizations in the Middle East and Asia. The urban center, named Peñico, is located in the northern Barranca province and was founded between 1,800 and 1,500 BC. It is close to where the Caral civilization, the oldest in the Americas, developed 5,000 years ago.

1751643420583.jpeg

Caral, comprised of 32 monumental structures, is considered a contemporary of civilisations in Egypt, India, Sumeria and China. However, unlike them, it developed in complete isolation, according to researchers.



 
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Once again the issue of the emergence of civilization in widespread locations emerge
something happened after the great melt which pushed humans into new directions
what , why ? no explanation offered is convincing
 
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Once again the issue of the emergence of civilization in widespread locations emerge
something happened after the great melt which pushed humans into new directions
what , why ? no explanation offered is convincing
Is this something?
1751743140699.jpeg

1751743204370.jpeg

Available on Aussie Booktopia!
 
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Is this something?
View attachment 83153

View attachment 83155

Available on Aussie Booktopia!
Maybe aliens were around? How can you prove it without solid evidence?

These books base all their evidence on "it looks like". It "looks like" a stegosaurus at Angor Wat. It "looks like" a guy in a spaceship at Tikal. It "looks like" right angles in huge stones were machined at Pumapunko. It "looks like" Biblical references to things in the sky and Medieval paintings can only be explained by spaceships. How do you explain the ancient Indian wars in the sky with vimanas? Spaceships of course ... couldn't possibly be religious fantasy to demonstrate principles. They're entertaining reading, but they interpret everything only one way.

The overwhelming conclusion is that ancient people were stupid, crawling around in the mud knocking rocks together and needed aliens to push them to advancement. The ONLY difference between us and them was technology. They were as smart as us, and had just as many Einstein's and Stephen Hawking's (percentage wise). These books (and various YouTube videos) say "they couldn't possibly have done it" ... because we don't know how. How did Paganini tour the world performing unbelievable shenanigans on the violin? There was a rumor he sold his soul. Yeah, he practiced damn hard and invented things for himself to stay on top.

I BELIEVE (no proof one way or the other) they managed to build stuff .... somehow. Read up on how Cleopatra's Needle was moved to Central Park, NY in modern times. The obelisk in St. Peter's Square, Rome was first moved to Rome in Caligula time (I believe). They moved it a couple of times. Romans liked obelisks: they grabbed a few from Heliopolis and took them to other places in Rome. Even Cleopatra VII moved one (or two) obelisks from Heliopolis to Alexandria. These things are huge and heavy, and were manipulated without breaking. NY had iron cranes and steamships: Romans used mostly wood. Ancient technology is nothing to dismiss. A repeating compressed-air polybolos was demonstrated in the 3rd century BC (kind of a semi-automatic bolt thrower). Ancient people were very clever.

I do admit Gobekli Tepi has put a wrench in the timeline. It pushes back advanced stone working close to the Younger Dryas. I don't believe that's aliens either.

Metatron makes an excellent point. If aliens traveled all the way across the universe to get to us, OBVIOUSLY they had advanced technology ... especially metallurgy. Why would they build in stone with no evidence of alloys whatsoever? Modern man learned long ago it's easier to manipulate metal than stone. If they were going for longevity, was wood the best choice for support beams inside pyramids?
 
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Maybe aliens were around? How can you prove it without solid evidence?

These books base all their evidence on "it looks like". It "looks like" a stegosaurus at Angor Wat. It "looks like" a guy in a spaceship at Tikal. It "looks like" right angles in huge stones were machined at Pumapunko. It "looks like" Biblical references to things in the sky and Medieval paintings can only be explained by spaceships. How do you explain the ancient Indian wars in the sky with vimanas? Spaceships of course ... couldn't possibly be religious fantasy to demonstrate principles. They're entertaining reading, but they interpret everything only one way.

The overwhelming conclusion is that ancient people were stupid, crawling around in the mud knocking rocks together and needed aliens to push them to advancement. The ONLY difference between us and them was technology. They were as smart as us, and had just as many Einstein's and Stephen Hawking's (percentage wise). These books (and various YouTube videos) say "they couldn't possibly have done it" ... because we don't know how. How did Paganini tour the world performing unbelievable shenanigans on the violin? There was a rumor he sold his soul. Yeah, he practiced damn hard and invented things for himself to stay on top.

I BELIEVE (no proof one way or the other) they managed to build stuff .... somehow. Read up on how Cleopatra's Needle was moved to Central Park, NY in modern times. The obelisk in St. Peter's Square, Rome was first moved to Rome in Caligula time (I believe). They moved it a couple of times. Romans liked obelisks: they grabbed a few from Heliopolis and took them to other places in Rome. Even Cleopatra VII moved one (or two) obelisks from Heliopolis to Alexandria. These things are huge and heavy, and were manipulated without breaking. NY had iron cranes and steamships: Romans used mostly wood. Ancient technology is nothing to dismiss. A repeating compressed-air polybolos was demonstrated in the 3rd century BC (kind of a semi-automatic bolt thrower). Ancient people were very clever.

I do admit Gobekli Tepi has put a wrench in the timeline. It pushes back advanced stone working close to the Younger Dryas. I don't believe that's aliens either.

Metatron makes an excellent point. If aliens traveled all the way across the universe to get to us, OBVIOUSLY they had advanced technology ... especially metallurgy. Why would they build in stone with no evidence of alloys whatsoever? Modern man learned long ago it's easier to manipulate metal than stone. If they were going for longevity, was wood the best choice for support beams inside pyramids?
Sure. The end of the Ice Age brought a stable climates, enabling tribes to settle in one place rather than following migratory patterns. If you live in the Andes you would now be able to live in the valley and have time to experiment with agriculture. With higher temperatures came abundance - much more food - and thus a bigger population. That brought challenges that required social innovation and organization. These bigger populations explored and controlled different regions and resources which led to the exchange of goods, resources and ideas, a network of trade and knowledge. So previous isolated populations started exchanging technology and concepts/ This all led to specialized roles in societies which eventually boosted the development of agriculture and technology.

So no need for aliens. Just human interaction over a wide region. And even then you can forget to invent the wheel....
 
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New Safaitic inscription: Prayer of light to creator Allah
Dated to c. 600 years before appearance of the Quran, Jordan, c. 400 BC - 100 AD.
____aaaaaa.png


BES24 1.2
l'ws bn 'dm bn s'd w t'mr rdfnfs wdd 'trt fb lh nr w hm m-gmy bnyt-h w whb-nh ht d blq

'By 'ws son of 'dm son of S'd and he feared the procession of fallen loved ones so, O Alläh, let there be light! And protect against the darkness of his grave and grant him that (=light), O one of creation / and may he who has created grant him that (=light).

This prayer confirms the pre-Islamic tradition and identifies Allah as a creator deity and judge of the death. It indicates that there's an autonomous religious development in the Arabian desert that doesn't depend on Christianity or Judaism but is closely related.

Likely the most important ANE discovery in years.
 
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New Safaitic inscription: Prayer of light to creator Allah
Dated to c. 600 years before appearance of the Quran, Jordan, c. 400 BC - 100 AD.
View attachment 83729


BES24 1.2
l'ws bn 'dm bn s'd w t'mr rdfnfs wdd 'trt fb lh nr w hm m-gmy bnyt-h w whb-nh ht d blq

'By 'ws son of 'dm son of S'd and he feared the procession of fallen loved ones so, O Alläh, let there be light! And protect against the darkness of his grave and grant him that (=light), O one of creation / and may he who has created grant him that (=light).

This prayer confirms the pre-Islamic tradition and identifies Allah as a creator deity and judge of the death. It indicates that there's an autonomous religious development in the Arabian desert that doesn't depend on Christianity or Judaism but is closely related.

Likely the most important ANE discovery in years.
Wiki says Safaitic is a script used to record "Old Arabic". Used across North Africa & Syria in its time.

"The Safaitic alphabet comprises 28 letters. Several abecedaries (lists of the alphabet) are known, but all are written in different orders, giving strength to the suggestion that the script was casually learned rather than taught systematically."

It reminds me of Egyptian with it's lack of vowels.
 
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New Safaitic inscription: Prayer of light to creator Allah
Dated to c. 600 years before appearance of the Quran, Jordan, c. 400 BC - 100 AD.
View attachment 83729


BES24 1.2
l'ws bn 'dm bn s'd w t'mr rdfnfs wdd 'trt fb lh nr w hm m-gmy bnyt-h w whb-nh ht d blq

'By 'ws son of 'dm son of S'd and he feared the procession of fallen loved ones so, O Alläh, let there be light! And protect against the darkness of his grave and grant him that (=light), O one of creation / and may he who has created grant him that (=light).

This prayer confirms the pre-Islamic tradition and identifies Allah as a creator deity and judge of the death. It indicates that there's an autonomous religious development in the Arabian desert that doesn't depend on Christianity or Judaism but is closely related.

Likely the most important ANE discovery in years.


El, the Ugaritic god of creation, probably
 
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El, the Ugaritic god of creation, probably
Indeed, and this is also proposed in the paper that describes this discovery.

"The phrase d'blg finds a parallel in the epithet of 'ilu, qn 'rs 'creator of the earth', which is attested in a number of Northwest Semitic inscriptions, spanning from the 8th century BCE to the 2nd century CE (Miller, 1980). The verb qny 'to create', which is the semantic equivalent of 'ilg, is also applied to 'ilu in the Ugaritic texts (Pope, 1955, 49-54). BES24 1.2, therefore, demonstrates that the ancient Arabs shared in Near Eastern 'ilu mythology.

This particular myth could perhaps be sourced to Nabataea given the etymological origins of the name allāh itself. As such, the conclusion that Allāh is simply ancient 'ilu under a different name appears unavoidable. But how did the name mutate in such a way? Robin's idea of it being a translation is imprecise. After all, 'ilu is a proper name and so it would not lend itself to translation as such, especially with the definite article. I would suggest instead that the epithet al-'ilāh 'the god' par excellence, was applied to the creator 'ilu in West Arabia and the Nabataean realm. In time, the epithet simply replaced the name, resulting in 'ilu being forgotten completely. The evolution of the divine name Allat offers an important parallel. Scholars have previously suggested that the name was the epithet of 'Attar/Ishtar, specifically her North Arabian manifestation trsm l'Attar-Samēl"

Source

So I searched briefly for supporting evidence. In Dadan pre-Islamic Allah is offered wooden statues - inscription JSLih 61 where a dedicator offers statues to Allah: ‘dy l-h-slmn "he offered to Allah the two statues". This reflects the tradition in Ugarit where wooden statues were offered to 'ilu' made of Tamarisk. This tree grows in Ugarit, Dadan but also in Ebla, where it's the sacred tree of 'Haya-Il'. And there's another interesting parallel: river(s) flowing from the 'throne of god' bring the the water of life. Ilu/El's throne is the source of the Euphrates and Tigris, Allah's throne is above the water and even Yahweh has "the river of the water of life, bright as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb."

So as the paper states, the conclusion that 'ilu appears under a different name (Allah) seems unavoidable. This patterns suggests that a single god was venerated under different names and tradition - a logical pattern knowing that West-Semitics have a Natufian origin.
 
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The flow of ideas: shared symbolism during the Neolithic emergence in Southwest Asia: WF16 and Göbekli Tepe​


So even in the neolithic world the flow of ideas was somewhat centralized with Gobekli Tepe as the meeting point of expansive social networks spanning Southwest Asia, situated between the origins of the Euphrates and Tigris. Amazing...
 
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2024

On the possible use of hydraulic force to assist with building the step pyramid of saqqara | PLOS One On the possible use of hydraulic force to assist with building the step pyramid of saqqara
I didn't have any luck getting past the pay wall, but i did find this: New study suggests hydraulic lift used in construction of Egypt’s first pyramid

Dr. Landreau explained in an interview with Haaretz, “Satellite imagery clearly shows that a rectangular stone enclosure known as Gisr el-Mudir, located west of the Saqqara necropolis, has all the technical characteristics of a check dam. This feature would have been used to control the flow of flash floods and capture heavy objects coming from upriver.”

The researchers propose that the Pyramid of Djoser was built using a hydraulic lift mechanism that raised stone blocks through the center of the structure. This method, described as “volcano fashion,” would involve floating limestone blocks upward using water pressure and then placing them in their respective positions.

In their paper, the authors explain: “The monumental linear rock-cut structure in the southern section of the moat combines the technical requirements of a water treatment facility: a settling basin, a retention basin, and a purification system. This setup likely directed sediment-free water to feed the hydraulic lift system within the pyramid.”

The researchers highlight that the Third Dynasty period coincided with the latter part of the Green Sahara period when northern Africa experienced more rainfall and lush vegetation. The Abusir Wadi, an ancient stream flowing from the mountains west of the Saqqara Plateau, would have provided ample water to support such a hydraulic system.

---- Hunh. This is pretty cool. So, did outer space aliens come up with the design because ancient Egyptians could have never figured it out? WE spent 4500 yrs not figuring it out. (I'm JOKING!!)

hydraulic-lift-egypts-first-pyramid-3.jpg.webp
 
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